解决hover生成border造成的元素移动方法

<style type="text/css" media="screen">
    .test {
        height: 30vmin;
        width: 30vmin;
        background: lightblue;
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }
    .test:hover {
        border: 5px solid black;
    }
</style>
<div class="test">
    this is a div.
</div>

.test {
    height: 30vmin;
    width: 30vmin;
    background: lightblue;
    border: 5px solid transparent;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
.test:hover {
    border: 5px solid black;
}

.test:hover {
    /* border: 5px solid black; */
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px black;
    outline: 5px solid black;
}

.test {
    height: 30vmin;
    width: 30vmin;
    background: lightblue;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    padding: 5px;
}
.test:hover {
    padding: 0;
    border: 5px solid black;
}