分区表场景下的 SQL 优化

CREATE TABLE `t1` (
 `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `date` date NOT NULL,
 `kid` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
 `uid` int(11) NOT NULL,
 `iid` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
 `icnt` int(8) DEFAULT '0',
 `tst` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
 `countp` smallint(11) DEFAULT '1',
 `isr` int(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
 `clv` int(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1'，
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`date`),
 UNIQUE KEY `date` (`date`,`uid`,`iid`),
 KEY `date_2` (`date`,`kid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3180686682 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
/*!50500 PARTITION BY RANGE COLUMNS(`date`)
(PARTITION p20161201 VALUES LESS THAN ('2016-12-02') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20161202 VALUES LESS THAN ('2016-12-03') ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p20161203 VALUES LESS THAN ('2016-12-04') ENGINE = InnoDB,

SELECT ... FROM `t1` WHERE `date` = '2017-04-01' AND `icnt` > 300 AND `id` = '801301';

yejr@imysql.com[myDB]> EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT ... FROM `t1` WHERE 
 `date` = '2017-03-02' AND `icnt` > 100 AND `iid` = '502302'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
   id: 1
 select_type: SIMPLE
  table: t1
 partitions: p20170302
   type: range
possible_keys: date,date_2
   key: date
  key_len: 3
   ref: const
   rows: 9384602
  Extra: Using where

yejr@imysql.com[myDB]> ALTER TABLE t1 ADD INDEX iid (iid, icnt);

yejr@imysql.com[myDB]> EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT ... FROM `t1` partition(p2017030) WHERE 
 `icnt` > 100 AND `iid` = '502302'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
   id: 1
 select_type: SIMPLE
  table: t1
 partitions: p20170302
   type: ref
possible_keys: date,date_2,iid
   key: iid
  key_len: 10
   ref: const
   rows: 7800
  Extra: Using where
这优化效果，杠杠滴。

事实上，如果不强制指定分区的话，也是可以达到优化效果的：

yejr@imysql.com[myDB]> EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT ... FROM `t1` WHERE 
 `date` = '2017-03-02' AND `icnt` > 100 AND `iid` = '502302'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
   id: 1
 select_type: SIMPLE
  table: t1
 partitions: p20170302
   type: ref
possible_keys: date,date_2,iid
   key: iid
  key_len: 10
   ref: NULL
   rows: 7800
  Extra: Using where