详解Python的Django框架中的通用视图

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from django.views.generic.simple import direct_to_template

urlpatterns = patterns('',
  url(r'^about/$', direct_to_template, {'template': 'about.html'}),
)

#urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from django.views.generic.simple import direct_to_template
from mysite.books.views import about_pages

urlpatterns = patterns('',
  (r'^about/$', direct_to_template, {
                    'template': 'about.html'
                   }),
  (r'^about/(\w+)/$', about_pages),
)
# view.py
from django.http import Http404
from django.template import TemplateDoesNotExist
from django.views.generic.simple import direct_to_template

#由正则匹配的参数
def about_pages(request, page):
  try:
    return direct_to_template(request, template="about/%s.html" % page)#返回的HttpResponse
  except TemplateDoesNotExist:
    raise Http404()

class Publisher(models.Model):
  name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
  address = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  city = models.CharField(max_length=60)
  state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30)
  country = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  website = models.URLField()

  def __unicode__(self):
    return self.name
#urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from django.views.generic import list_detail
from mysite.books.models import Publisher

publisher_info = {
  'queryset': Publisher.objects.all(),
  'template_name': 'publisher_list_page.html',
}

urlpatterns = patterns('',
  url(r'^publishers/$', list_detail.object_list, publisher_info),
)
#publisher_list_page.html
<h2>Publishers</h2>
  <ul>
    {% for publisher in object_list %}
    <li>{{ publisher.name }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>

publisher_info = {
  'queryset': Publisher.objects.all(),
  'template_name': 'publisher_list_page.html',
  'template_object_name': 'publisher',
}
模板文件也要作相应的修改：
<h2>Publishers</h2>
  <ul>
    {% for publisher in publisher_list %}
    <li>{{ publisher.name }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>

publisher_info = {
  'queryset': Publisher.objects.all(),
  'template_object_name': 'publisher',
  'template_name': 'publisher_list_page.html',
  'extra_context': {'book_list': Book.objects.all()}
}

<h2>Publishers</h2>
  <ul>
    {% for publisher in publisher_list %}
    <li>{{ publisher.name }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>
<h2>Book</h2>
  <ul>
    {% for book in book_list %}
    <li>{{ book.title }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>

def get_books():
  return Book.objects.all()

publisher_info = {
  'queryset': Publisher.objects.all(),
  'template_object_name': 'publisher',
  'template_name': 'publisher_list_page.html',
  'extra_context': {'book_list': get_books},
}

publisher_info = {
  'queryset': Publisher.objects.all(),
  'template_object_name': 'publisher',
  'extra_context': {'book_list': Book.objects.all},
}

apress_books = {
  'queryset': Book.objects.filter(publisher__name='Apress'),
  'template_name': 'books/apress_list.html',
}
urlpatterns = patterns('',
  url(r'^books/apress/$', list_detail.object_list, apress_books),
)

#urls.py
urlpatterns = patterns('',
  url(r'^publishers/$', list_detail.object_list, publisher_info),
  url(r'^books/(\w+)/$', books_by_publisher),
)
#views.py
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from django.views.generic import list_detail
from mysite.books.models import Book, Publisher

def books_by_publisher(request, name):

  # Look up the publisher (and raise a 404 if it can't be found).
  publisher = get_object_or_404(Publisher, name__iexact=name)

  # Use the object_list view for the heavy lifting.
  return list_detail.object_list(
    request,
    queryset = Book.objects.filter(publisher=publisher),
    template_name = 'books_by_publisher.html',
    template_object_name = 'book',
    extra_context = {'publisher': publisher}
)

#urls.py
from mysite.books.views import author_detail

urlpatterns = patterns('',
  # ...
  url(r'^authors/("htmlcode">

def author_list_plaintext(request):
  response = list_detail.object_list(
    request,
    queryset = Author.objects.all(),
    mimetype = 'text/plain',
    template_name = 'author_list.txt'
  )
  #修改响应格式，使其的内容不直接显示在网页中，而是储存在文件中，下载下来。
  response["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=authors.txt"
  return response



模板文件author_list.txt的内容：




<h2>Author</h2>
<ul>
 {% for author in object_list %}
  <li>{{ author.first_name }}</li>
 {% endfor %}
</ul>



运行结果为生成authors.txt文件并提供下载：

文本内容会保留HTML标签信息。