详解Python的Django框架中Manager方法的使用

# models.py

from django.db import models

# ... Author and Publisher models here ...

**class BookManager(models.Manager):**
  **def title_count(self, keyword):**
    **return self.filter(title__icontains=keyword).count()**

class Book(models.Model):
  title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
  authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
  publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
  publication_date = models.DateField()
  num_pages = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
  **objects = BookManager()**

  def __unicode__(self):
    return self.title

> Book.objects.title_count('django')
4
> Book.objects.title_count('python')
18

from django.db import models

**# First, define the Manager subclass.**
**class DahlBookManager(models.Manager):**
  **def get_query_set(self):**
    **return super(DahlBookManager, self).get_query_set().filter(author='Roald Dahl')**

**# Then hook it into the Book model explicitly.**
class Book(models.Model):
  title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
  author = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  # ...

  **objects = models.Manager() # The default manager.**
  **dahl_objects = DahlBookManager() # The Dahl-specific manager.**

Book.dahl_objects.all()
Book.dahl_objects.filter(title='Matilda')
Book.dahl_objects.count()

class MaleManager(models.Manager):
  def get_query_set(self):
    return super(MaleManager, self).get_query_set().filter(sex='M')

class FemaleManager(models.Manager):
  def get_query_set(self):
    return super(FemaleManager, self).get_query_set().filter(sex='F')

class Person(models.Model):
  first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
  sex = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=(('M', 'Male'), ('F', 'Female')))
  people = models.Manager()
  men = MaleManager()
  women = FemaleManager()