python 操作excel表格的方法

# 该脚本为修正考勤记录
# author: yangbao

import os
from datetime import datetime
import xlrd
from xlutils.copy import copy


# 定义文件是否存在
def get_list_file():
  current_list = os.listdir()
  must_list = ['原始数据.xls', '外出.xls', '法定假日.xls', '请假.xls']
  cj_set = set(must_list) - set(current_list)
  if cj_set:
    for i in cj_set:
      print('{} 不存在，请检查！'.format(i))
      return 0
  else:
    return 1


# 定义是否存在流程
def get_qjorwc(file_name, person_id, input_time):
  book = xlrd.open_workbook(file_name)
  book_sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
  flag = 0
  for i in range(1, book_sheet.nrows):
    if int(book_sheet.cell_value(i, 1)) == int(person_id):
      # 文件不同，时间处理不同
      if file_name == '请假.xls':
        cell_begin = book_sheet.cell_value(i, 4)
        cell_end = book_sheet.cell_value(i, 5)
      else:
        cell_begin = book_sheet.cell_value(i, 3) + book_sheet.cell_value(i, 4)
        cell_end = book_sheet.cell_value(i, 5) + book_sheet.cell_value(i, 6)
      # 判断原始数据旷工和迟到是否在请假或外出流程里
      # 给额外5min的宽限时间
      if cell_begin-5/1440 <= input_time <= cell_end+5/1440:
        flag = 1
        break
  return flag


# 定义是否是法定假日
def get_fdjr(input_time):
  book = xlrd.open_workbook('法定假日.xls')
  book_sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
  flag = 0
  for i in range(1, book_sheet.nrows):
    dt = datetime(*xlrd.xldate_as_tuple(book_sheet.cell_value(i, 0), 0))
    if dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') == input_time:
      flag = 1
      break
  return flag


def main():
  ys_book = xlrd.open_workbook('原始数据.xls')
  ys_book_sheet = ys_book.sheet_by_index(0)
  new_ys_book = copy(ys_book)
  new_ys_book_sheet = new_ys_book.get_sheet(0)
  unnormal_list = ['旷工', '迟到']
  for i in range(ys_book_sheet.nrows):
    # 查上班时间
    if ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 5) in unnormal_list:
      # 查是否是法定假日
      dt = ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 3)[:10]
      if get_fdjr(dt):
        new_ys_book_sheet.write(i, 5, '*')

      # 查是否有流程
      if ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 4) != '':
        cell_on_time = ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 3)[:10] + ' ' + ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 4)
        cell_on_time_format = datetime.strptime(cell_on_time, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")                    - datetime.strptime('1899-12-30', '%Y-%m-%d')
        cell_on_time_number = cell_on_time_format.days + cell_on_time_format.seconds / (24 * 3600)
        if 12 < cell_on_time_format.seconds / 3600 < 13:
          cell_on_time_number = cell_on_time_format.days + 11.5/24
      else:
        cell_on_time = ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 3)[:10]
        cell_on_time_format = datetime.strptime(cell_on_time, "%Y-%m-%d")                    - datetime.strptime('1899-12-30', '%Y-%m-%d')
        cell_on_time_number = cell_on_time_format.days + cell_on_time_format.seconds / (24 * 3600) + 9/24

      qj_on_flag = get_qjorwc('请假.xls', ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 1), cell_on_time_number)
      wc_on_flag = get_qjorwc('外出.xls', ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 1), cell_on_time_number)
      if qj_on_flag == 1 or wc_on_flag == 1:
        new_ys_book_sheet.write(i, 5, '已有流程')
        new_ys_book_sheet.write(i, 11, '')

    # 查下班时间
    if ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 7) in unnormal_list:
      # 查是否是法定假日
      dt = ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 3)[:10]
      if get_fdjr(dt):
        new_ys_book_sheet.write(i, 7, '*')
        new_ys_book_sheet.write(i, 11, '')

      # 查是否有流程
      if ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 6) != '':
        cell_out_time = ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 3)[:10] + ' ' + ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 6)
        cell_out_time_format = datetime.strptime(cell_out_time, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")                     - datetime.strptime('1899-12-30', '%Y-%m-%d')
        cell_out_time_number = cell_out_time_format.days + cell_out_time_format.seconds / (24 * 3600)

        if 12 < cell_out_time_format.seconds / 3600 < 13:
          cell_out_time_number = cell_out_time_format.days + 13.5/24

      else:
        cell_out_time = ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 3)[:10]
        cell_out_time_format = datetime.strptime(cell_out_time, "%Y-%m-%d")                     - datetime.strptime('1899-12-30', '%Y-%m-%d')
        cell_out_time_number = cell_out_time_format.days + cell_out_time_format.seconds / (24 * 3600) + 18/24

      qj_out_flag = get_qjorwc('请假.xls', ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 1), cell_out_time_number)
      wc_out_flag = get_qjorwc('外出.xls', ys_book_sheet.cell_value(i, 1), cell_out_time_number)
      if qj_out_flag == 1 or wc_out_flag == 1:
        new_ys_book_sheet.write(i, 7, '已有流程')
        new_ys_book_sheet.write(i, 11, '')

  new_excel_name = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')+'校正后.xls'
  new_ys_book.save(new_excel_name)


if __name__ == '__main__':
  if get_list_file():
    print('开始考勤分析...')
    main()
    print('考勤分析结束...')
    input('按任意键结束')
  else:
    input('因为缺少相关excel文件，考勤分析失败，退出程序，按任意键结束')