Python学习之time模块的基本使用

import time 

print(help(time)) # 打印帮助信息

"E:\Program Files (x86)\python_3.8\python.exe" D:/Application/pycharm_works/_1/test/python模块之time模块.py
Help on built-in module time:

NAME
 time - This module provides various functions to manipulate time values.

DESCRIPTION
 There are two standard representations of time. One is the number
 of seconds since the Epoch, in UTC (a.k.a. GMT). It may be an integer
 or a floating point number (to represent fractions of seconds).
 The Epoch is system-defined; on Unix, it is generally January 1st, 1970.
 The actual value can be retrieved by calling gmtime(0).

 The other representation is a tuple of 9 integers giving local time.
 The tuple items are:
  year (including century, e.g. 1998)
  month (1-12)
  day (1-31)
  hours (0-23)
  minutes (0-59)
  seconds (0-59)
  weekday (0-6, Monday is 0)
  Julian day (day in the year, 1-366)
  DST (Daylight Savings Time) flag (-1, 0 or 1)
 If the DST flag is 0, the time is given in the regular time zone;
 if it is 1, the time is given in the DST time zone;
 if it is -1, mktime() should guess based on the date and time.

CLASSES
 builtins.tuple(builtins.object)
  struct_time

 class struct_time(builtins.tuple)
  | struct_time(iterable=(), /)
  |
  | The time value as returned by gmtime(), localtime(), and strptime(), and
  | accepted by asctime(), mktime() and strftime(). May be considered as a
  | sequence of 9 integers.
  |
  | Note that several fields' values are not the same as those defined by
  | the C language standard for struct tm. For example, the value of the
  | field tm_year is the actual year, not year - 1900. See individual
  | fields' descriptions for details.
  |
  | Method resolution order:
  |  struct_time
  |  builtins.tuple
  |  builtins.object
  |
  | Methods defined here:
  |
  | __reduce__(...)
  |  Helper for pickle.
  |
  | __repr__(self, /)
  |  Return repr(self).
  |
  | ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Static methods defined here:
  |
  | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
  |  Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.
  |
  | ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Data descriptors defined here:
  |
  | tm_gmtoff
  |  offset from UTC in seconds
  |
  | tm_hour
  |  hours, range [0, 23]
  |
  | tm_isdst
  |  1 if summer time is in effect, 0 if not, and -1 if unknown
  |
  | tm_mday
  |  day of month, range [1, 31]
  |
  | tm_min
  |  minutes, range [0, 59]
  |
  | tm_mon
  |  month of year, range [1, 12]
  |
  | tm_sec
  |  seconds, range [0, 61])
  |
  | tm_wday
  |  day of week, range [0, 6], Monday is 0
  |
  | tm_yday
  |  day of year, range [1, 366]
  |
  | tm_year
  |  year, for example, 1993
  |
  | tm_zone
  |  abbreviation of timezone name
  |
  | ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Data and other attributes defined here:
  |
  | n_fields = 11
  |
  | n_sequence_fields = 9
  |
  | n_unnamed_fields = 0
  |
  | ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Methods inherited from builtins.tuple:
  |
  | __add__(self, value, /)
  |  Return self+value.
  |
  | __contains__(self, key, /)
  |  Return key in self.
  |
  | __eq__(self, value, /)
  |  Return self==value.
  |
  | __ge__(self, value, /)
  |  Return self>=value.
  |
  | __getattribute__(self, name, /)
  |  Return getattr(self, name).
  |
  | __getitem__(self, key, /)
  |  Return self[key].
  |
  | __getnewargs__(self, /)
  |
  | __gt__(self, value, /)
  |  Return self>value.
  |
  | __hash__(self, /)
  |  Return hash(self).
  |
  | __iter__(self, /)
  |  Implement iter(self).
  |
  | __le__(self, value, /)
  |  Return self<=value.
  |
  | __len__(self, /)
  |  Return len(self).
  |
  | __lt__(self, value, /)
  |  Return self<value.
  |
  | __mul__(self, value, /)
  |  Return self*value.
  |
  | __ne__(self, value, /)
  |  Return self!=value.
  |
  | __rmul__(self, value, /)
  |  Return value*self.
  |
  | count(self, value, /)
  |  Return number of occurrences of value.
  |
  | index(self, value, start=0, stop=9223372036854775807, /)
  |  Return first index of value.
  |
  |  Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

FUNCTIONS
 asctime(...)
  asctime([tuple]) -> string

  Convert a time tuple to a string, e.g. 'Sat Jun 06 16:26:11 1998'.
  When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime()
  is used.

 ctime(...)
  ctime(seconds) -> string

  Convert a time in seconds since the Epoch to a string in local time.
  This is equivalent to asctime(localtime(seconds)). When the time tuple is
  not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.

 get_clock_info(...)
  get_clock_info(name: str) -> dict

  Get information of the specified clock.

 gmtime(...)
  gmtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year, tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_hour, tm_min,
        tm_sec, tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_isdst)

  Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing UTC (a.k.a.
  GMT). When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.

  If the platform supports the tm_gmtoff and tm_zone, they are available as
  attributes only.

 localtime(...)
  localtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_hour,tm_min,
         tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)

  Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local time.
  When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.

 mktime(...)
  mktime(tuple) -> floating point number

  Convert a time tuple in local time to seconds since the Epoch.
  Note that mktime(gmtime(0)) will not generally return zero for most
  time zones; instead the returned value will either be equal to that
  of the timezone or altzone attributes on the time module.

 monotonic(...)
  monotonic() -> float

  Monotonic clock, cannot go backward.

 monotonic_ns(...)
  monotonic_ns() -> int

  Monotonic clock, cannot go backward, as nanoseconds.

 perf_counter(...)
  perf_counter() -> float

  Performance counter for benchmarking.

 perf_counter_ns(...)
  perf_counter_ns() -> int

  Performance counter for benchmarking as nanoseconds.

 process_time(...)
  process_time() -> float

  Process time for profiling: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.

 process_time_ns(...)
  process_time() -> int

  Process time for profiling as nanoseconds:
  sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.

 sleep(...)
  sleep(seconds)

  Delay execution for a given number of seconds. The argument may be
  a floating point number for subsecond precision.

 strftime(...)
  strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string

  Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification.
  See the library reference manual for formatting codes. When the time tuple
  is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.

  Commonly used format codes:

  %Y Year with century as a decimal number.
  %m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
  %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
  %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
  %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
  %S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
  %z Time zone offset from UTC.
  %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
  %A Locale's full weekday name.
  %b Locale's abbreviated month name.
  %B Locale's full month name.
  %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
  %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
  %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.

  Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
  the C library strftime function.

 strptime(...)
  strptime(string, format) -> struct_time

  Parse a string to a time tuple according to a format specification.
  See the library reference manual for formatting codes (same as
  strftime()).

  Commonly used format codes:

  %Y Year with century as a decimal number.
  %m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
  %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
  %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
  %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
  %S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
  %z Time zone offset from UTC.
  %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
  %A Locale's full weekday name.
  %b Locale's abbreviated month name.
  %B Locale's full month name.
  %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
  %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
  %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.

  Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
  the C library strftime function.

 thread_time(...)
  thread_time() -> float

  Thread time for profiling: sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.

 thread_time_ns(...)
  thread_time() -> int

  Thread time for profiling as nanoseconds:
  sum of the kernel and user-space CPU time.

 time(...)
  time() -> floating point number

  Return the current time in seconds since the Epoch.
  Fractions of a second may be present if the system clock provides them.

 time_ns(...)
  time_ns() -> int

  Return the current time in nanoseconds since the Epoch.

DATA
 altzone = -32400
 daylight = 0
 timezone = -28800
 tzname = ('中国标准时间', '中国夏令时')

FILE
 (built-in)


None

Process finished with exit code 0

print(help(time.time)) # 打印帮助信息
print(time.time()) #1610720236.653394 # 打印当前时间戳

Help on built-in function time in module time:

time(...)
 time() -> floating point number

 Return the current time in seconds since the Epoch.
 Fractions of a second may be present if the system clock provides them.

None
1610727247.1696546

1 print(help(time.sleep)) # 打印帮助信息
2 time.sleep(3) # 暂停3秒

Help on built-in function sleep in module time:

sleep(...)
 sleep(seconds)

 Delay execution for a given number of seconds. The argument may be
 a floating point number for subsecond precision.

None

1 print(help(time.gmtime)) # 打印帮助信息
2 print(time.gmtime()) # 结构化时间 time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=14, tm_min=22, tm_sec=30, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=15, tm_isdst=0)

Help on built-in function gmtime in module time:

gmtime(...)
 gmtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year, tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_hour, tm_min,
       tm_sec, tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_isdst)

 Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing UTC (a.k.a.
 GMT). When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.

 If the platform supports the tm_gmtoff and tm_zone, they are available as
 attributes only.

None
time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=16, tm_min=16, tm_sec=39, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=15, tm_isdst=0)

1 print(help(time.localtime)) # 打印帮助信息
2 print(time.localtime()) # 当前结构化时间

Help on built-in function localtime in module time:

localtime(...)
 localtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_hour,tm_min,
        tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)

 Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local time.
 When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.

None
time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=16, tm_hour=0, tm_min=17, tm_sec=49, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=16, tm_isdst=0)

1 print(help(time.strftime)) # 打印帮助信息
2 struct_time=time.localtime()
3 print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",struct_time)) # 格式化时间

Help on built-in function strftime in module time:

strftime(...)
  strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string

  Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification.
  See the library reference manual for formatting codes. When the time tuple
  is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.

  Commonly used format codes:

  %Y Year with century as a decimal number.
  %m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
  %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
  %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
  %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
  %S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
  %z Time zone offset from UTC.
  %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
  %A Locale's full weekday name.
  %b Locale's abbreviated month name.
  %B Locale's full month name.
  %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
  %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
  %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.

  Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
  the C library strftime function.

None
2021-01-16 00:18:38

print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")) # 格式化时间 
# 2021-01-15 23:36:49

print(help(time.strftime))
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")) # 格式化时间 
# 2021-01-15 23:36:49

Help on built-in function strftime in module time:

strftime(...)
  strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string

  Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification.
  See the library reference manual for formatting codes. When the time tuple
  is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.

  Commonly used format codes:

  %Y Year with century as a decimal number.
  %m Month as a decimal number [01,12].
  %d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
  %H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
  %M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
  %S Second as a decimal number [00,61].
  %z Time zone offset from UTC.
  %a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
  %A Locale's full weekday name.
  %b Locale's abbreviated month name.
  %B Locale's full month name.
  %c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
  %I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
  %p Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.

  Other codes may be available on your platform. See documentation for
  the C library strftime function.

None
2021-01-16 00:20:46

a=time.strptime("2021-01-15 22:26:28","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(a.tm_yday)  # 15
print(a.tm_wday)  # 4

1 print(help(time.ctime)) # 将时间戳转变为一个格式化时间
2 print(time.ctime())  # 如果不带参数则默认为当前时间戳
3 print(time.ctime(12412415))

Help on built-in function ctime in module time:

ctime(...)
  ctime(seconds) -> string

  Convert a time in seconds since the Epoch to a string in local time.
  This is equivalent to asctime(localtime(seconds)). When the time tuple is
  not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.

None
Sat Jan 16 00:21:56 2021
Sun May 24 23:53:35 1970

1 print(help(time.ctime)) # 打印帮助信息
2 print(time.mktime(time.localtime())) # 将结构化时间转化为时间戳

Help on built-in function ctime in module time:

ctime(...)
  ctime(seconds) -> string

  Convert a time in seconds since the Epoch to a string in local time.
  This is equivalent to asctime(localtime(seconds)). When the time tuple is
  not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.

None
1610727764.0

import datetime

print(datetime.datetime.now()) # 2021-01-15 23:55:48.985808