YUM解决RPM包安装依赖关系及yum工具介绍本地源配置方法详解

[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.conf 
[main] --main定义全局属性，只能有一个 
cachedir=/var/cache/yum --定义yum缓存目录，用于储存下载存储的rpm包等
keepcache=0 --成功安装后，缓存数据是否保存。0：不保存，1：保存 
debuglevel=2 --调试级别（0-10），默认为2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log --定义yum日志目录
distroverpkg=redhat-release --通过指定针对系统发行版的rpm包，判断当前系统的版本。默认值为redhat-release
tolerant=1 --定义是否容忍命令行发生与软件包有关的错误。0：不容忍，1：容忍
exactarch=1 --定义当更新rpm包时，yum是否仅仅升级当前架构的包。 --当设置为1，不会发生i386包升级到i686
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1 --定义是否对rpm包进行GPG校验。0：不校验，1：校验
plugins=1 --定义是否使用插件。0：不允许，1：允许 
# Default.
# installonly_limit = 3
# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
# in /etc/yum.repos.d

[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# cat rhel-debuginfo.repo 
[rhel-debuginfo]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/$basearch/Debuginfo/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

--安装gcc-c++包，提示因为依赖关系缺少包而无法安装--若采用手工安装，在安装提示的rpm包过程中，可能还存在其他需要的依赖关系包[root@sunny Desktop]# rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.1.2-52.el5.x86_64.rpm 
warning: gcc-c++-4.1.2-52.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
error: Failed dependencies:
gcc = 4.1.2-52.el5 is needed by gcc-c++-4.1.2-52.el5.x86_64
libstdc++-devel = 4.1.2-52.el5 is needed by gcc-c++-4.1.2-52.el5.x86_64
--下面开始通过配置本地源yum的方法从镜像光盘安装--查看文件系统，此时未挂载cdrom
[root@sunny ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
16G 6.1G 8.7G 42% /
/dev/sda1 99M 13M 81M 14% /boot
tmpfs 1004M 0 1004M 0% /dev/shm
--创建cdrom的挂载点目录--挂载点目录名随意，此处作者创建目录名为cdrom的目录作为挂载点
[root@sunny ~]# mkdir /cdrom
--挂载cdrom，并查看挂载情况
[root@sunny ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /cdrom
[root@sunny ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
16G 6.1G 8.7G 42% /
/dev/sda1 99M 13M 81M 14% /boot
tmpfs 1004M 0 1004M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sr0 3.9G 3.9G 0 100% /cdrom
--进入cdrom目录，确定rpm包的位置--需要注意，rpm包所在的目录绝对路径将作为后面yum的url源路径
[root@sunny Server]# pwd
/cdrom/Server
--创建filename.repo文件，此处作者定义filename.repo名为newyum.repo--需要注意，由于是baseurl以及gpgkey均是本地位置，因此采用file://协议--需要注意，file://后面是文件所在的绝对路径，因此file://后面会以/开头，因此是file:///（三个/）
[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/newyum.repo 
[redhatcdrom]
name=local resource 
baseurl=fill:///cdrom/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
--查询此时可用的软件仓库，显示刚刚配置的库可用
[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: katello, product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating certificate-based repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
redhatcdrom | 1.5 kB 00:00 
redhatcdrom/primary | 920 kB 00:00 
redhatcdrom 3285/3285
repo id repo name status
redhatcdrom local resource 3,285
repolist: 3,285
--利用yum安装刚才的gcc-c++包--可以看到，安装过程中，yum处理了依赖关系，并将相应的包进行了安装
[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# yum install gcc-c++ -y
Loaded plugins: katello, product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating certificate-based repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
redhatcdrom | 1.5 kB 00:00 
redhatcdrom/primary | 920 kB 00:00 
redhatcdrom 3285/3285
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel = 4.1.2-52.el5 for package: gcc-c++
--> Processing Dependency: gcc = 4.1.2-52.el5 for package: gcc-c++
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc
---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated
redhatcdrom/filelists | 2.8 MB 00:00 
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-81 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.5-81 for package: glibc-devel
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-81 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.18-308.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
======================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
======================================================================================
Installing:
gcc-c++ x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 redhatcdrom 3.8 M
Installing for dependencies:
gcc x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 redhatcdrom 5.3 M
glibc-devel x86_64 2.5-81 redhatcdrom 2.4 M
glibc-headers x86_64 2.5-81 redhatcdrom 596 k
kernel-headers x86_64 2.6.18-308.el5 redhatcdrom 1.4 M
libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 redhatcdrom 2.8 M
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================
Install 6 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 16 M
Is this ok [y/N]: 
Exiting on user Command
Complete!
--查询安装结果，确定安装完成。
[root@sunny yum.repos.d]# yum list gcc-c*
Loaded plugins: katello, product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating certificate-based repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
Installed Packages
gcc-c++.x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 installed