Apache服务的主要目录和配置文件详解

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

User daemon             # apache的用户，默认为daemon
Group daemon             # apache的用户，默认为daemon
PidFile run/httpd.pid

<IfModule prefork.c> 
StartServers    8 
MinSpareServers  5 
MaxSpareServers  20 
ServerLimit   256 
MaxClients    256 
MaxRequestsPerChild 4000 
</IfModule>

<IfModule worker.c> 
StartServers   4 
MaxClients   300 
MinSpareThreads  25 
MaxSpareThreads  75 
ThreadsPerChild  25 
MaxRequestsPerChild 0 
</IfModule>

Include conf.d/*.conf

#ServerName www.example.com:80

<Directory />  #行为对根目录的限制
 Options FollowSymLinks # followsymlinks表示允许使用符号链接，默认为禁用
 AllowOverride None  # 表示禁止用户对目录配置文件(.htaccess进行修改)重载，普通站点不建议开启
</Directory>
<Directory "/var/www/html"> 
 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks 
 AllowOverride None 
 Order allow,deny 
 Allow from all 
</Directory>

<IfModule mod_userdir.c> 
 UserDir disabled 
</IfModule>

#<Directory /home/*/public_html> 
# AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit 
# Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec 
# <Limit GET POST OPTIONS> 
#  Order allow,deny 
#  Allow from all 
# </Limit> 
# <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> 
#  Order deny,allow 
#  Deny from all 
# </LimitExcept> 
#</Directory>

<Files ~ "^\.ht"> 
 Order allow,deny 
 Deny from all 
 Satisfy All 
</Files>

<IfModule mod_mime_magic.c> 
# MIMEMagicFile /usr/share/magic.mime 
  MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>

#EnableMMAP off

#EnableSendfile off

ErrorLog logs/error_log  #错误日志存放的位置
LogLevel warn  #Apache日志的级别

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined 
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common 
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer 
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

#CustomLog logs/access_log common 
CustomLog logs/access_log combined

<Directory "/var/www/icons"> 
 Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks 
 AllowOverride None 
 Order allow,deny 
 Allow from all 
</Directory>

<IfModule mod_dav_fs.c> 
  # Location of the WebDAV lock database. 
  DAVLockDB /var/lib/dav/lockdb
</IfModule>

<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> 
 AllowOverride None 
 Options None 
 Order allow,deny 
 Allow from all 
</Directory>

#AddType application/x-tar .tgz #支持的应用如果想支持对php的解析添加这样一行
#AddEncoding x-compress .Z 
#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz

AddType application/x-compress .Z 
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi #修改为：AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl 表示允许扩展名为.pl的CGI脚本运行
AddType text/html .shtml 
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #当服务器出现404错误的时候，返回missing.html页面
Alias /error/ "/var/www/error/" #赋值别名
<IfModule mod_negotiation.c> 
<IfModule mod_include.c> 
 <Directory "/var/www/error"> 
  AllowOverride None 
  Options IncludesNoExec 
  AddOutputFilter Includes html 
  AddHandler type-map var 
  Order allow,deny 
  Allow from all 
  LanguagePriority en es de fr 
  ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback 
 </Directory>

#NameVirtualHost *:80 #如果启用虚拟主机的话，必须将前面的注释去掉，而且，第二部分的内容都可以出现在每个虚拟主机部分。
# VirtualHost example: 
#<VirtualHost *:80> 
# ServerAdmin webmaster@www.linuxidc.com 
# DocumentRoot /www/docs/www.linuxidc.com 
# ServerName www.linuxidc.com 
# ErrorLog logs/www.linuxidc.com-error_log 
# CustomLog logs/www.linuxidc.com-access_log common 
#</VirtualHost>

$APACHE_HOME/conf/extra   # apache扩展的配置文件
[root@extra]# ll
total 56
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2859 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-autoindex.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1753 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-dav.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2344 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-default.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1103 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-info.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5078 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-languages.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 932 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-manual.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3789 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-mpm.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2207 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11185 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-ssl.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 817 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-userdir.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1507 Jan 10 01:49 httpd-vhosts.conf # 虚拟主机配置文件

[root@extra]# egrep -v "^.*#|^$" httpd-vhosts.conf |nl
  NameVirtualHost *:80        # 基于名称的虚拟主机配置（ *:80表示监听本机所有ip）
  <VirtualHost *:80>         # 定义一个虚拟主机
   ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com # 配置管理员邮箱
   DocumentRoot "/application/apache../docs/dummy-host.example.com" # 程序的站点目录
   ServerName dummy-host.example.com    # 域名服务，需要apache mode_alias模块支持
   ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com   # 虚拟主机别名
   ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"# 错误的日志路径
   CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common #访问日志配置（生产环境我们用combined格式代替common格式）
  </VirtualHost>
  <VirtualHost *:80>
   ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
   DocumentRoot "/application/apache2.2.22/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"
   ServerName dummy-host2.example.com
   ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error_log"
   CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access_log" common
  </VirtualHost>

$APACHE_HOME/apache/htdocs    # 默认存放网页的路径，输入IP 到此目录 能够见到it's wroks! 就是此目录
[root@htdocs]# less index.html 
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

[root@htdocs]# ls ../
 bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include lib logs man manual modules

[root@htdocs]# ls ../conf/
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original
/application/apache/conf/   # apache配置所有的配置文件目录
|-- extra       # 额外的apache配置文件目录 如：httpd-vhost.conf
| |-- httpd-autoindex.conf  
| |-- httpd-dav.conf
| |-- httpd-default.conf
| |-- httpd-info.conf
| |-- httpd-languages.conf
| |-- httpd-manual.conf
| |-- httpd-mpm.conf
| |-- httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf
| |-- httpd-ssl.conf
| |-- httpd-userdir.conf
| |-- httpd-vhosts.conf
|-- httpd.conf      # apache主配置文件
|-- magic
|-- mime.types
|-- original
| |-- extra
| | |-- httpd-autoindex.conf
| | |-- httpd-dav.conf     # dav支持配置
| | |-- httpd-default.conf    # 这个文件里配置的是apache的相关服务参数：超时时间、保持链接
| | |-- httpd-info.conf
| | |-- httpd-languages.conf   # 语言支持
| | |-- httpd-manual.conf
| | |-- httpd-mpm.conf # 服务器池管理，也是优化apache的一个配置文件（apache的模式以及配置链接数，常用模式为worker模式和profork模式，默认porfork）
| | |-- httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf 
| | |-- httpd-ssl.conf     # 提供apache ssl支持配置文件
| | |-- httpd-userdir.conf
| | |-- httpd-vhosts.conf    # 虚拟机的配置文件
| |-- httpd.conf

[root@apache]# ls -l htdocs/ # 默认的首页文件都放在此目录当中。
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44 Nov 21 2004 index.html

[root@es apache]# tree logs
logs     # apache服务默认的日志路径，包括错误日志和访问日志
|-- access_log  # apache服务访问日志 tail -f命令可以查看网页用户访问的信息
|-- cgisock.16406 
|-- error_log  # apache服务的错误日志。如：apache服务启动故障
|-- httpd.pid  # httpd的pid文件，http进程启动后，会把所有进程的id号写到此文件

[root@apache]# ls -l manual/  # apache的模块目录 如php mencache
total 2984
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 543 May 6 2008 bind.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11422 Jan 3 2012 bind.html.de