PostgreSQL中常用的时间日期脚本使用教程

select now();        --2013-11-28 16:20:25.259715+08
select current_timestamp;  --2013-11-28 16:20:38.815466+08
select current_date;     --2013-11-28
select current_time;     --16:21:08.981171+08

select now()+interval '2 day'; --2013-11-30 16:21:47.610118+08 2天后
select now()-interval '2 day'; --2013-11-26 16:22:03.390593+08 2天前
select now()+interval '2 hour'; --2013-11-28 18:22:14.578733+08 2小时后

-- Abbreviation   Meaning 
-- Y           Years 
-- M           Months (in the date part) 
-- W          Weeks 
-- D           Days 
-- H           Hours 
-- M        Minutes (in the time part)

select extract(year from now());    --2013
select extract(mon from now());     --5月份

select timestamp '2012-05-12 18:54:54';         --2012-05-12 18:54:54
select date '2012-05-12 18:54:54';            --2012-05-12
select time '2012-05-12 18:54:54';           --18:54:54
select TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE '2012-05-12 18:54:54'  --2012-05-12 18:54:54+08

 SELECT TIMESTAMP 'epoch' + 1341174767 * INTERVAL '1 second'; 
--2012-07-01 20:32:47

postgres=# BEGIN; 
postgres=# SELECT now(); 
       now 
------------------------------- 
 2013-08-26 12:17:43.182331+02 
 
postgres=# SELECT now(); 
       now 
------------------------------- 
 2013-08-26 12:17:43.182331+02 
 
postgres=# SELECT clock_timestamp(); 
    clock_timestamp 
------------------------------- 
 2013-08-26 12:17:50.698413+02 
 
postgres=# SELECT clock_timestamp(); 
    clock_timestamp 
------------------------------- 
 2013-08-26 12:17:51.123905+02 

interval '1 day'
interval '5 days'
interval '5 days' + interval '3 hours'
interval '5 days 3 hours'

postgres=# SELECT now() - interval '3 days'; 
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postgres=# SELECT extract(DAY FROM now()); 
 date_part 
----------- 
    26 
 
postgres=# SELECT extract(DOW FROM now()); 
 date_part 
----------- 
     1   



4.时区转换

有些时候，时区转换对于特定时间在不同时区显示特别有用。AT TIME ZONE提供了这种功能，它是如何做到的？我们将在一个事务中进行演示，因为同一事务中now()函数总是返回相同的值，从而我们可以很容易看到同一时间在不同时区显示的差别。




postgres=# BEGIN; 
BEGIN 
postgres=# SELECT now(); 
       now 
------------------------------- 
 2013-08-26 12:39:39.122218+02 
 
postgres=# SELECT now() AT TIME ZONE 'GMT'; 
     timezone 
---------------------------- 
 2013-08-26 10:39:39.122218 
 
postgres=# SELECT now() AT TIME ZONE 'GMT+1'; 
     timezone 
---------------------------- 
 2013-08-26 09:39:39.122218 
 
postgres=# SELECT now() AT TIME ZONE 'PST'; 
     timezone 
---------------------------- 
 2013-08-26 02:39:39.122218