快速理解MySQL中主键与外键的实例教程

CREATE TABLE `dage` (
 `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
 `name` varchar(32) default '',
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1；

CREATE TABLE `xiaodi` (
 `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
 `dage_id` int(11) default NULL,
 `name` varchar(32) default '',
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 KEY `dage_id` (`dage_id`),
 CONSTRAINT `xiaodi_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`dage_id`) REFERENCES `dage` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1；

mysql> insert into dage(name) values('铜锣湾');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from dage;

+----+--------+
| id | name  |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 铜锣湾 |
+----+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into xiaodi(dage_id,name) values(1,'铜锣湾_小弟A');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from xiaodi;

+----+---------+--------------+
| id | dage_id | name     |
+----+---------+--------------+
| 1 |    1 | 铜锣湾_小弟A |
+----+---------+--------------+

mysql> delete from dage where id=1;

ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`bstar/xiaodi`, CONSTRAINT `xiaodi_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`dage_id`) REFERENCES `dage` (`id`))

mysql> insert into xiaodi(dage_id,name) values(2,'旺角_小弟A');   

2ERROR 1452 (23000): Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`bstar/xiaodi`, CONSTRAINT `xiaodi_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`dage_id`) REFERENCES `dage` (`id`))

mysql> show create table xiaodi;
CONSTRAINT `xiaodi_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`dage_id`) REFERENCES `dage` (`id`)
mysql> alter table xiaodi drop foreign key xiaodi_ibfk_1; 

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 

mysql> alter table xiaodi add foreign key(dage_id) references dage(id) on delete cascade on update cascade;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> delete from dage where id=1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from dage;

Empty set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from xiaodi;

Empty set (0.00 sec)