Python使用Scrapy爬虫框架全站爬取图片并保存本地的实现代码

脚本专栏 2024/11/26 佚名

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大家可以在Github上clone全部源码。

Github：https://github.com/williamzxl/Scrapy_CrawlMeiziTu

Scrapy官方文档：http://scrapy-chs.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/index.html

基本上按照文档的流程走一遍就基本会用了。

Step1：

在开始爬取之前，必须创建一个新的Scrapy项目。进入打算存储代码的目录中，运行下列命令:

scrapy startproject CrawlMeiziTu

该命令将会创建包含下列内容的 tutorial 目录:

CrawlMeiziTu/
 scrapy.cfg
 CrawlMeiziTu/
  __init__.py
  items.py
  pipelines.py
  settings.py
　　　　 middlewares.py
  spiders/
   __init__.py
   ...
cd CrawlMeiziTu
scrapy genspider Meizitu http://www.meizitu.com/a/list_1_1.html

该命令将会创建包含下列内容的 tutorial 目录:

CrawlMeiziTu/
 scrapy.cfg
 CrawlMeiziTu/
　　　　 __init__.py
  items.py
  pipelines.py
  settings.py
　　　　 middlewares.py
  spiders/
　　　　　　　Meizitu.py
   __init__.py
   ...

我们主要编辑的就如下图箭头所示：

main.py是后来加上的，加了两条命令，

from scrapy import cmdline
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl Meizitu".split())

主要为了方便运行。

Step2：编辑Settings,如下图所示

 BOT_NAME = 'CrawlMeiziTu' 
 SPIDER_MODULES = ['CrawlMeiziTu.spiders']
 NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'CrawlMeiziTu.spiders'
 ITEM_PIPELINES = {
 'CrawlMeiziTu.pipelines.CrawlmeizituPipeline': 300,
 }
 IMAGES_STORE = 'D://pic2'
 DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.3

 USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36'
 ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

主要设置USER_AGENT,下载路径，下载延迟时间

Step3:编辑Items.

Items主要用来存取通过Spider程序抓取的信息。由于我们爬取妹子图，所以要抓取每张图片的名字，图片的连接，标签等等

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class CrawlmeizituItem(scrapy.Item):
 # define the fields for your item here like:
 # name = scrapy.Field()
 #title为文件夹名字
 title = scrapy.Field()
 url = scrapy.Field()
 tags = scrapy.Field()
 #图片的连接
 src = scrapy.Field()
 #alt为图片名字
 alt = scrapy.Field()

Step4:编辑Pipelines

Pipelines主要对items里面获取的信息进行处理。比如说根据title创建文件夹或者图片的名字，根据图片链接下载图片。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import requests
from CrawlMeiziTu.settings import IMAGES_STORE
class CrawlmeizituPipeline(object):
 def process_item(self, item, spider):
  fold_name = "".join(item['title'])
  header = {
   'USER-Agent': 'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36',
   'Cookie': 'b963ef2d97e050aaf90fd5fab8e78633',
   #需要查看图片的cookie信息，否则下载的图片无法查看
  }
  images = []
  # 所有图片放在一个文件夹下
  dir_path = '{}'.format(IMAGES_STORE)
  if not os.path.exists(dir_path) and len(item['src']) != 0:
   os.mkdir(dir_path)
  if len(item['src']) == 0:
   with open('..//check.txt', 'a+') as fp:
    fp.write("".join(item['title']) + ":" + "".join(item['url']))
    fp.write("\n")
  for jpg_url, name, num in zip(item['src'], item['alt'],range(0,100)):
   file_name = name + str(num)
   file_path = '{}//{}'.format(dir_path, file_name)
   images.append(file_path)
   if os.path.exists(file_path) or os.path.exists(file_name):
    continue
   with open('{}//{}.jpg'.format(dir_path, file_name), 'wb') as f:
    req = requests.get(jpg_url, headers=header)
    f.write(req.content)
  return item

Step5:编辑Meizitu的主程序。

最重要的主程序：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from CrawlMeiziTu.items import CrawlmeizituItem
#from CrawlMeiziTu.items import CrawlmeizituItemPage
import time
class MeizituSpider(scrapy.Spider):
 name = "Meizitu"
 #allowed_domains = ["meizitu.com/"]
 start_urls = []
 last_url = []
 with open('..//url.txt', 'r') as fp:
  crawl_urls = fp.readlines()
  for start_url in crawl_urls:
   last_url.append(start_url.strip('\n'))
 start_urls.append("".join(last_url[-1]))
 def parse(self, response):
  selector = scrapy.Selector(response)
  #item = CrawlmeizituItemPage()
  next_pages = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/@href').extract()
  next_pages_text = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/text()').extract()
  all_urls = []
  if '下一页' in next_pages_text:
   next_url = "http://www.meizitu.com/a/{}".format(next_pages[-2])
   with open('..//url.txt', 'a+') as fp:
    fp.write('\n')
    fp.write(next_url)
    fp.write("\n")
   request = scrapy.http.Request(next_url, callback=self.parse)
   time.sleep(2)
   yield request
  all_info = selector.xpath('//h3[@class="tit"]/a')
  #读取每个图片夹的连接
  for info in all_info:
   links = info.xpath('//h3[@class="tit"]/a/@href').extract()
  for link in links:
   request = scrapy.http.Request(link, callback=self.parse_item)
   time.sleep(1)
   yield request
  # next_link = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/@href').extract()
  # next_link_text = selector.xpath('//*[@id="wp_page_numbers"]/ul/li/a/text()').extract()
  # if '下一页' in next_link_text:
  #  nextPage = "http://www.meizitu.com/a/{}".format(next_link[-2])
  #  item['page_url'] = nextPage
  #  yield item

   #抓取每个文件夹的信息
 def parse_item(self, response):
   item = CrawlmeizituItem()
   selector = scrapy.Selector(response)

   image_title = selector.xpath('//h2/a/text()').extract()
   image_url = selector.xpath('//h2/a/@href').extract()
   image_tags = selector.xpath('//div[@class="metaRight"]/p/text()').extract()
   if selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@src').extract():
   image_src = selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@src').extract()
   else:
   image_src = selector.xpath('//*[@id="maincontent"]/div/p/img/@src').extract()
   if selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@alt').extract():
    pic_name = selector.xpath('//*[@id="picture"]/p/img/@alt').extract()
   else:
   pic_name = selector.xpath('//*[@id="maincontent"]/div/p/img/@alt').extract()
   #//*[@id="maincontent"]/div/p/img/@alt
   item['title'] = image_title
   item['url'] = image_url
   item['tags'] = image_tags
   item['src'] = image_src
   item['alt'] = pic_name
   print(item)
   time.sleep(1)
   yield item