Python爬虫设置代理IP的方法(爬虫技巧)

# IP地址取自国内髙匿代理IP网站：http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/
# 仅仅爬取首页IP地址就足够一般使用
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import random
def get_ip_list(url, headers):
  web_data = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
  soup = BeautifulSoup(web_data.text, 'lxml')
  ips = soup.find_all('tr')
  ip_list = []
  for i in range(1, len(ips)):
    ip_info = ips[i]
    tds = ip_info.find_all('td')
    ip_list.append(tds[1].text + ':' + tds[2].text)
  return ip_list
def get_random_ip(ip_list):
  proxy_list = []
  for ip in ip_list:
    proxy_list.append('http://' + ip)
  proxy_ip = random.choice(proxy_list)
  proxies = {'http': proxy_ip}
  return proxies
if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/'
  headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36'
  }
  ip_list = get_ip_list(url, headers=headers)
  proxies = get_random_ip(ip_list)
  print(proxies)函数get_ip_list(url, headers)传入url和headers，最后返回一个IP列表，列表的元素类似42.84.226.65:8888格式，这个列表包括国内髙匿代理IP网站首页所有IP地址和端口。 

web_data = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)