0.引言
利用python开发,借助Dlib库捕获摄像头中的人脸,提取人脸特征,通过计算欧氏距离来和预存的人脸特征进行对比,达到人脸识别的目的;
可以自动从摄像头中抠取人脸图片存储到本地,然后提取构建预设人脸特征;
根据抠取的 / 已有的同一个人多张人脸图片提取128D特征值,然后计算该人的128D特征均值;
然后和摄像头中实时获取到的人脸提取出的特征值,计算欧氏距离,判定是否为同一张人脸;
人脸识别 / face recognition的说明:
wikipedia 关于人脸识别系统 / face recognition system 的描述:theywork by comparing selected facial featuresfrom given image with faces within a database.
本项目中就是比较 预设的人脸的特征和 摄像头实时获取到的人脸的特征;
核心就是提取128D人脸特征,然后计算摄像头人脸特征和预设的特征脸的欧式距离,进行比对;
效果如下(摄像头认出来我是default_person预设的人脸 / 另一个人不是预设人脸显示diff):
图1 摄像头人脸识别效果gif
1.总体流程
先说下 人脸检测 (face detection) 和 人脸识别 (face recognition) ,前者是达到检测出场景中人脸的目的就可以了,而后者不仅需要检测出人脸,还要和已有人脸数据进行比对,识别出是否在数据库中,或者进行身份标注之类处理,人脸检测和人脸识别两者有时候可能会被理解混淆;
我的之前一些项目都是用dlib做人脸检测这块,这个项目想要实现的功能是人脸识别功能,借助的是 dlib官网中 face_recognition.py这个例程 (link:http://dlib.net/face_recognition.py.html);
核心在于 利用 “dlib_face_recognition_resnet_model_v1.dat” 这个model,提取人脸图像的128D特征,然后比对不同人脸图片的128D特征,设定阈值计算欧氏距离来判断是否为同一张脸;
# face recognition model, the object maps human faces into 128D vectors facerec = dlib.face_recognition_model_v1("dlib_face_recognition_resnet_model_v1.dat") shape = predictor(img, dets[0]) face_descriptor = facerec.compute_face_descriptor(img, shape)
图2 总体设计流程
2.源码介绍
主要有
- get_face_from_camera.py ,
- get_features_into_CSV.py,
- face_reco_from_camera.py
这三个py文件;
2.1get_face_from_camera.py / 采集构建XXX人脸数据
人脸识别需要将 提取到的图像数据 和已有图像数据进行比对分析,所以这个py文件实现的功能就是采集构建XXX的人脸数据;
程序会生成一个窗口,显示调用的摄像头实时获取的图像(关于摄像头的调用方式可以参考我的另一博客https://www.jb51.net/article/135512.htm);
按s键可以保存当前视频流中的人脸图像,保存的路径由 path_save = “xxxx/get_from_camera/” 规定;
按q键退出窗口;
摄像头的调用是利用opencv库的cv2.VideoCapture(0), 此处参数为0代表调用的是笔记本的默认摄像头,你也可以让它调用传入已有视频文件;
图3get_face_from_camera.py 的界面
这样的话,你就可以在 path_save指定的目录下得到一组捕获到的人脸;
图4 捕获到的一组人脸
源码如下:
# 2018-5-11 # By TimeStamp # cnblogs: http://www.cnblogs.com/AdaminXie import dlib # 人脸识别的库dlib import numpy as np # 数据处理的库numpy import cv2 # 图像处理的库OpenCv # dlib预测器 detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector() predictor = dlib.shape_predictor('shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat') # 创建cv2摄像头对象 cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0) # cap.set(propId, value) # 设置视频参数,propId设置的视频参数,value设置的参数值 cap.set(3, 480) # 截图screenshoot的计数器 cnt_ss = 0 # 人脸截图的计数器 cnt_p = 0 # 保存 path_save = "F:/code/python/P_dlib_face_reco/data/get_from_camera/" # cap.isOpened() 返回true/false 检查初始化是否成功 while cap.isOpened(): # cap.read() # 返回两个值: # 一个布尔值true/false,用来判断读取视频是否成功/是否到视频末尾 # 图像对象,图像的三维矩阵q flag, im_rd = cap.read() # 每帧数据延时1ms,延时为0读取的是静态帧 kk = cv2.waitKey(1) # 取灰度 img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(im_rd, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY) # 人脸数rects rects = detector(img_gray, 0) # print(len(rects)) # 待会要写的字体 font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX if (len(rects) != 0): # 检测到人脸 # 矩形框 for k, d in enumerate(rects): # 计算矩形大小 # (x,y), (宽度width, 高度height) pos_start = tuple([d.left(), d.top()]) pos_end = tuple([d.right(), d.bottom()]) # 计算矩形框大小 height = d.bottom() - d.top() width = d.right() - d.left() # 根据人脸大小生成空的图像 im_blank = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8) im_rd = cv2.rectangle(im_rd, tuple([d.left(), d.top()]), tuple([d.right(), d.bottom()]), (0, 255, 255), 2) im_blank = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8) # 保存人脸到本地 if (kk == ord('s')): cnt_p += 1 for ii in range(height): for jj in range(width): im_blank[ii][jj] = im_rd[d.top() + ii][d.left() + jj] print(path_save + "img_face_" + str(cnt_p) + ".jpg") cv2.imwrite(path_save + "img_face_" + str(cnt_p) + ".jpg", im_blank) cv2.putText(im_rd, "faces: " + str(len(rects)), (20, 50), font, 1, (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA) else: # 没有检测到人脸 cv2.putText(im_rd, "no face", (20, 50), font, 1, (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA) # 添加说明 im_rd = cv2.putText(im_rd, "s: save face", (20, 400), font, 0.8, (255, 255, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA) im_rd = cv2.putText(im_rd, "q: quit", (20, 450), font, 0.8, (255, 255, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA) # 按下q键退出 if (kk == ord('q')): break # 窗口显示 cv2.imshow("camera", im_rd) # 释放摄像头 cap.release() # 删除建立的窗口 cv2.destroyAllWindows()
2.2get_features_into_CSV.py / 提取特征存入CSV
已经得到了XXX的一组人脸图像,现在就需要把他的面部特征提取出来;
这里借助 dlib 库的 face recognition model 人脸识别模型;
# face recognition model, the object maps human faces into 128D vectors facerec = dlib.face_recognition_model_v1("dlib_face_recognition_resnet_model_v1.dat") # detector to find the faces detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector() # shape predictor to find the face landmarks predictor = dlib.shape_predictor("shape_predictor_5_face_landmarks.dat") # 读取图片 img = io.imread(path_img) img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) dets = detector(img_gray, 1) shape = predictor(img_gray, dets[0]) face_descriptor = facerec.compute_face_descriptor(img_gray, shape)
我们可以看下对于某张图片,face_descriptor的输出结果:
绿色框内是我们的返回128D特征的函数;
在红色框内调用该函数来计算img_face_13.jpg;
可以看到黄色框中的输出为128D的向量;
图5 返回单张图像的128D特征的计算结果
所以我们就可以把path_save中的图像,进行批量的特征计算,然后写入CSV中(利用 write_into_CSV函数),我这边csv的命名为default_person.csv;
就可以得到行数(人脸数)*128列的一个特征CSV;
这是某个人的人脸特征,然后计算128D特征的均值,求mean(利用 compute_the_mean函数)
运行的输出结果,这个128D的特征值,就是default_person的特征;
也就是我们内置/预设的人脸,之后摄像头捕获的人脸将要拿过来和这个特征值进行比对,进行人脸识别的处理;
复制代码 代码如下:[-0.030892765492592986, 0.13333227054068916, 0.054221574805284799, -0.050820438289328626, -0.056331159841073189, 0.0039378538311116004, -0.044465327145237675, -0.13096490031794497, 0.14215188983239627, -0.084465635842398593, 0.34389359700052363, -0.062936659118062566, -0.24372901571424385, -0.13270603316394905, -0.0472818422866495, 0.15475224742763921, -0.24415240554433121, -0.11213862150907516, 0.032288033417180964, 0.023676671577911628, 0.098508275653186594, -0.010117797634417289, 0.0048202000815715448, -0.014808513420192819, -0.060100053486071135, -0.34934839135722112, -0.095795629448012301, -0.050788544706608117, 0.032316677762489567, -0.099673464894294739, -0.080181991975558434, 0.096361607705291952, -0.1823408101734362, -0.045472671817007815, -0.0066827326326778062, 0.047393877549391041, -0.038414973079373964, -0.039067085930391363, 0.15961966781239761, 0.0092458106136243598, -0.16182226570029007, 0.026322136191945327, -0.0039144184832510193, 0.2492692768573761, 0.19180528427425184, 0.022950534855848866, -0.019220497949342979, -0.15331173021542399, 0.047744840089427795, -0.17038608616904208, 0.026140184680882254, 0.19366614363695445, 0.066497623724372762, 0.07038829416820877, -0.0549700813073861, -0.11961311768544347, -0.032121153940495695, 0.083507449611237169, -0.14934051350543373, 0.011458799806668571, 0.10686114273573223, -0.10744074888919529, -0.04377919611962218, -0.11030520381111848, 0.20804878441910996, 0.093076545941202266, -0.11621182490336268, -0.1991656830436305, 0.10751579348978244, -0.11251544991606161, -0.12237925866716787, 0.058218707869711672, -0.15829276019021085, -0.17670038891466042, -0.2718416170070046, 0.034569320955166689, 0.30443575821424784, 0.061833358712886512, -0.19622498672259481, 0.011373612000361868, -0.050225612756453063, -0.036157087079788507, 0.12961127491373764, 0.13962576616751521, -0.0074232793168017737, 0.020964263007044792, -0.11185114399382942, 0.012502493042694894, 0.17834208513561048, -0.072658227462517586, -0.041312719401168194, 0.25095899873658228, -0.056628625839948654, 0.10285118379090961, 0.046701753217923012, 0.042323612264896691, 0.0036216247826814651, 0.066720707440062574, -0.16388990533979317, -0.0193739396421925, 0.027835704435251261, -0.086023958105789985, -0.05472404568603164, 0.14802298341926776, -0.10644183582381199, 0.098863413851512108, 0.00061285014778963834, 0.062096107555063146, 0.051960245755157973, -0.099548895108072383, -0.058173993112225285, -0.065454461562790375, 0.14721672511414477, -0.25363486848379435, 0.20384312381869868, 0.16890435312923632, 0.097537552447695477, 0.087824966562421697, 0.091438713434495431, 0.093809676797766431, -0.034379941362299417, -0.085149037210564868, -0.24900743130006289, 0.021165960517368819, 0.076710369830068792, -0.0061752907196549996, 0.028413473285342519, -0.029983982541843465]
源码:
# 2018-5-11 # By TimeStamp # cnblogs: http://www.cnblogs.com/AdaminXie # return_128d_features() 获取某张图像的128d特征 # write_into_csv() 将某个文件夹中的图像读取特征兵写入csv # compute_the_mean() 从csv中读取128d特征,并计算特征均值 import cv2 import os import dlib from skimage import io import csv import numpy as np import pandas as pd path_pics = "F:/code/python/P_dlib_face_reco/data/get_from_camera/" path_csv = "F:/code/python/P_dlib_face_reco/data/csvs/" # detector to find the faces detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector() # shape predictor to find the face landmarks predictor = dlib.shape_predictor("shape_predictor_5_face_landmarks.dat") # face recognition model, the object maps human faces into 128D vectors facerec = dlib.face_recognition_model_v1("dlib_face_recognition_resnet_model_v1.dat") # 返回单张图像的128D特征 def return_128d_features(path_img): img = io.imread(path_img) img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) dets = detector(img_gray, 1) if(len(dets)!=0): shape = predictor(img_gray, dets[0]) face_descriptor = facerec.compute_face_descriptor(img_gray, shape) else: face_descriptor = 0 print("no face") # print(face_descriptor) return face_descriptor #return_128d_features(path_pics+"img_face_13.jpg") # 将文件夹中照片特征提取出来,写入csv # 输入input: # path_pics: 图像文件夹的路径 # path_csv: 要生成的csv路径 def write_into_csv(path_pics ,path_csv): dir_pics = os.listdir(path_pics) with open(path_csv, "w", newline="") as csvfile: writer = csv.writer(csvfile) for i in range(len(dir_pics)): # 调用return_128d_features()得到128d特征 print(path_pics+dir_pics[i]) features_128d = return_128d_features(path_pics+dir_pics[i]) # print(features_128d) # 遇到没有检测出人脸的图片跳过 if features_128d==0: i += 1 else: writer.writerow(features_128d) #write_into_csv(path_pics, path_csv+"default_person.csv") path_csv_rd = "F:/code/python/P_dlib_face_reco/data/csvs/default_person.csv" # 从csv中读取数据,计算128d特征的均值 def compute_the_mean(path_csv_rd): column_names = [] for i in range(128): column_names.append("features_" + str(i + 1)) rd = pd.read_csv(path_csv_rd, names=column_names) # 存放128维特征的均值 feature_mean = [] for i in range(128): tmp_arr = rd["features_"+str(i+1)] tmp_arr = np.array(tmp_arr) # 计算某一个特征的均值 tmp_mean = np.mean(tmp_arr) feature_mean.append(tmp_mean) print(feature_mean) return feature_mean compute_the_mean(path_csv_rd)
2.3 face_reco_from_camera.py / 实时人脸识别对比分析
这个py就是调用摄像头,捕获摄像头中的人脸,然后如果检测到人脸,将摄像头中的人脸提取出128D的特征,然后和预设的default_person的128D特征进行计算欧式距离,如果比较小,可以判定为一个人,否则不是一个人;
欧氏距离对比的阈值设定,是在 return_euclidean_distance函数的dist变量;
我这里程序里面指定的是0.4,具体阈值可以根据实际情况或者测得结果进行修改;
源码:
# 2018-5-11 # By TimeStamp # cnblogs: http://www.cnblogs.com/AdaminXie import dlib # 人脸识别的库dlib import numpy as np # 数据处理的库numpy import cv2 # 图像处理的库OpenCv # face recognition model, the object maps human faces into 128D vectors facerec = dlib.face_recognition_model_v1("dlib_face_recognition_resnet_model_v1.dat") # 计算两个向量间的欧式距离 def return_euclidean_distance(feature_1,feature_2): feature_1 = np.array(feature_1) feature_2 = np.array(feature_2) dist = np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(feature_1 - feature_2))) print(dist) if dist > 0.4: return "diff" else: return "same" features_mean_default_person = [-0.030892765492592986, 0.13333227054068916, 0.054221574805284799, -0.050820438289328626, -0.056331159841073189, 0.0039378538311116004, -0.044465327145237675, -0.13096490031794497, 0.14215188983239627, -0.084465635842398593, 0.34389359700052363, -0.062936659118062566, -0.24372901571424385, -0.13270603316394905, -0.0472818422866495, 0.15475224742763921, -0.24415240554433121, -0.11213862150907516, 0.032288033417180964, 0.023676671577911628, 0.098508275653186594, -0.010117797634417289, 0.0048202000815715448, -0.014808513420192819, -0.060100053486071135, -0.34934839135722112, -0.095795629448012301, -0.050788544706608117, 0.032316677762489567, -0.099673464894294739, -0.080181991975558434, 0.096361607705291952, -0.1823408101734362, -0.045472671817007815, -0.0066827326326778062, 0.047393877549391041, -0.038414973079373964, -0.039067085930391363, 0.15961966781239761, 0.0092458106136243598, -0.16182226570029007, 0.026322136191945327, -0.0039144184832510193, 0.2492692768573761, 0.19180528427425184, 0.022950534855848866, -0.019220497949342979, -0.15331173021542399, 0.047744840089427795, -0.17038608616904208, 0.026140184680882254, 0.19366614363695445, 0.066497623724372762, 0.07038829416820877, -0.0549700813073861, -0.11961311768544347, -0.032121153940495695, 0.083507449611237169, -0.14934051350543373, 0.011458799806668571, 0.10686114273573223, -0.10744074888919529, -0.04377919611962218, -0.11030520381111848, 0.20804878441910996, 0.093076545941202266, -0.11621182490336268, -0.1991656830436305, 0.10751579348978244, -0.11251544991606161, -0.12237925866716787, 0.058218707869711672, -0.15829276019021085, -0.17670038891466042, -0.2718416170070046, 0.034569320955166689, 0.30443575821424784, 0.061833358712886512, -0.19622498672259481, 0.011373612000361868, -0.050225612756453063, -0.036157087079788507, 0.12961127491373764, 0.13962576616751521, -0.0074232793168017737, 0.020964263007044792, -0.11185114399382942, 0.012502493042694894, 0.17834208513561048, -0.072658227462517586, -0.041312719401168194, 0.25095899873658228, -0.056628625839948654, 0.10285118379090961, 0.046701753217923012, 0.042323612264896691, 0.0036216247826814651, 0.066720707440062574, -0.16388990533979317, -0.0193739396421925, 0.027835704435251261, -0.086023958105789985, -0.05472404568603164, 0.14802298341926776, -0.10644183582381199, 0.098863413851512108, 0.00061285014778963834, 0.062096107555063146, 0.051960245755157973, -0.099548895108072383, -0.058173993112225285, -0.065454461562790375, 0.14721672511414477, -0.25363486848379435, 0.20384312381869868, 0.16890435312923632, 0.097537552447695477, 0.087824966562421697, 0.091438713434495431, 0.093809676797766431, -0.034379941362299417, -0.085149037210564868, -0.24900743130006289, 0.021165960517368819, 0.076710369830068792, -0.0061752907196549996, 0.028413473285342519, -0.029983982541843465] # dlib预测器 detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector() predictor = dlib.shape_predictor('shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat') # 创建cv2摄像头对象 cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0) # cap.set(propId, value) # 设置视频参数,propId设置的视频参数,value设置的参数值 cap.set(3, 480) def get_128d_features(img_gray): dets = detector(img_gray, 1) if (len(dets) != 0): shape = predictor(img_gray, dets[0]) face_descriptor = facerec.compute_face_descriptor(img_gray, shape) else: face_descriptor=0 return face_descriptor # cap.isOpened() 返回true/false 检查初始化是否成功 while (cap.isOpened()): # cap.read() # 返回两个值: # 一个布尔值true/false,用来判断读取视频是否成功/是否到视频末尾 # 图像对象,图像的三维矩阵 flag, im_rd = cap.read() # 每帧数据延时1ms,延时为0读取的是静态帧 kk = cv2.waitKey(1) # 取灰度 img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(im_rd, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY) # 人脸数rects rects = detector(img_gray, 0) # print(len(rects)) # 待会要写的字体 font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX cv2.putText(im_rd, "q: quit", (20, 400), font, 0.8, (0, 255, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA) if (len(rects) != 0): # 检测到人脸 # 将捕获到的人脸提取特征和内置特征进行比对 features_rd = get_128d_features(im_rd) compare = return_euclidean_distance(features_rd, features_mean_default_person) im_rd = cv2.putText(im_rd, compare.replace("same", "default_person"), (20, 350), font, 0.8, (0, 255, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA) # 矩形框 for k, d in enumerate(rects): # 绘制矩形框 im_rd = cv2.rectangle(im_rd, tuple([d.left(), d.top()]), tuple([d.right(), d.bottom()]), (0, 255, 255), 2) cv2.putText(im_rd, "faces: " + str(len(rects)), (20, 50), font, 1, (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA) else: # 没有检测到人脸 cv2.putText(im_rd, "no face", (20, 50), font, 1, (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA) # 按下q键退出 if (kk == ord('q')): break # 窗口显示 cv2.imshow("camera", im_rd) # 释放摄像头 cap.release() # 删除建立的窗口 cv2.destroyAllWindows()
实时输出结果:
图6 实时输出的欧氏距离结果
通过实时的输出结果,看的比较明显;
输出绿色部分:当是我自己(即之前分析提取特征的default_person)时,计算出来的欧式距离基本都在0.2 左右;
输出红色部分:而换一张图片上去比如特朗普,明显看到欧式距离计算结果达到了0.8,此时就可以判定,后来这张人脸不是我们预设的人脸;
所以之前提到的欧式距离计算对比的阈值可以由此设定,本项目中取的是0.4;
3.总结
之前接着那个摄像头人脸检测写的,不过拖到现在才更新,写的也比较粗糙,大家有具体需求和应用场景可以加以修改,有什么问题可以留言或者直接mail 我。。。不好意思
核心就是提取人脸特征,然后计算欧式距离和预设的特征脸进行比对;
不过这个实时获取摄像头人脸进行比对,要实时的进行计算摄像头脸的特征值,然后还要计算欧氏距离,所以计算量比较大,可能摄像头视频流会出现卡顿;
# 代码已上传到了我的GitHub,如果对您有帮助欢迎star下:https://github.com/coneypo/Dlib_face_recognition_from_camera
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。
稳了!魔兽国服回归的3条重磅消息!官宣时间再确认!
昨天有一位朋友在大神群里分享,自己亚服账号被封号之后居然弹出了国服的封号信息对话框。
这里面让他访问的是一个国服的战网网址,com.cn和后面的zh都非常明白地表明这就是国服战网。
而他在复制这个网址并且进行登录之后,确实是网易的网址,也就是我们熟悉的停服之后国服发布的暴雪游戏产品运营到期开放退款的说明。这是一件比较奇怪的事情,因为以前都没有出现这样的情况,现在突然提示跳转到国服战网的网址,是不是说明了简体中文客户端已经开始进行更新了呢?
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