Python利用Django如何写restful api接口详解

# 连接数据库，需指定charset否则可能会报错
db = pymysql.connect(host="localhost", user="root", password="123", db="mysql", charset="utf8mb4")
cursor = db.cursor() # 创建一个游标对象

cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS meizi_meizis") # 如果表存在则删除
 # 创建表sql语句
 createTab = """create table meizi_meizis(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 mid varchar(10) not null,
 title varchar(50),
 picname varchar(10),
 page_url varchar(50),
 img_url varchar(50)
 );"""
 cursor.execute(createTab) # 执行创建数据表操作

def html(self, href, title):
 lists = []
 meiziid = href.split('/')[-1]
 html = self.request(href)
 max_span = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'lxml').find('div', class_='pagenavi').find_all('span')[-2].get_text()
 for page in range(1, int(max_span) + 1):
 meizi = {}
 page_url = href + '/' + str(page)
 img_html = self.request(page_url)
 img_url = BeautifulSoup(img_html.text, 'lxml').find('div', class_='main-image').find('img')['src']
 picname = img_url[-9:-4]
 meizi['meiziid'] = meiziid
 meizi['title'] = title
 meizi['picname'] = picname
 meizi['page_url'] = page_url
 meizi['img_url'] = img_url
 lists.append(meizi) # 保存到返回数组中
 return lists

def all_url(self, url):
 html = self.request(url)
 all_a = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'lxml').find('div', class_='all').find_all('a')
 for index, a in enumerate(all_a):
 title = a.get_text()
 href = a['href']
 lists = self.html(href, title)
 for i in lists:
 # print(i['meiziid'], i['title'], i['picname'], i['page_url'], i['img_url'])
 # 插入数据到数据库sql语句，%s用作字符串占位
 sql = "INSERT INTO `meizi_meizis`(`mid`,`title`,`picname`,`page_url`,`img_url`) VALUES(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
 try:
  cursor.execute(sql, (i['meiziid'], i['title'], i['picname'], i['page_url'], i['img_url']))
  db.commit()
  print(i[0] + " is success")
 except:
  db.rollback()
 db.close() # 关闭数据库

INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'rest_framework',
 
 'meizi',
]

def index(request):
 return HttpResponse(u"你好")

from learn import views as learn_views
urlpatterns = [
 url(r'^$', learn_views.index), 
]

class Person(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
 age = models.IntegerField()
 
 def __unicode__(self):
 # 在Python3中使用 def __str__(self):
 return self.name

Django 1.7.1及以上 用以下命令
# 1. 创建更改的文件
python manage.py makemigrations
# 2. 将生成的py文件应用到数据库
python manage.py migrate

def create(request):
 # 新建一个对象的方法有以下几种：
 Person.objects.create(name='xiaoli', age=18)
 # p = Person(name="WZ", age=23)
 # p = Person(name="TWZ")
 # p.age = 23
 # p.save()
 # 这种方法是防止重复很好的方法，但是速度要相对慢些，返回一个元组，第一个为Person对象，
 # 第二个为True或False, 新建时返回的是True, 已经存在时返回False
 # Person.objects.get_or_create(name="WZT", age=23)
 s = Person.objects.get(name='xiaoli')
 return HttpResponse(str(s))

DATABASES = {
 # 'default': {
 # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
 # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
 # }
 'default': {
 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
 'NAME': 'mysql',
 'USER': 'root',
 'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
 'PASSWORD': '123',
 'PORT': 3306,
 # show variables like 'character_set_database'；
 # 修改字段字符编码
 # alter table spiders_weibo modify text longtext charset utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
 'OPTIONS': {'charset': 'utf8mb4'},
 }
}

python manage.py inspectdb

class Meizis(models.Model):
 mid = models.CharField(max_length=10)
 title = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
 picname = models.CharField(max_length=10, blank=True, null=True)
 page_url = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
 img_url = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True, null=True)
 
 class Meta:
 managed = False
 db_table = 'meizi_meizis'

class MeiziSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 # ModelSerializer和Django中ModelForm功能相似
 # Serializer和Django中Form功能相似
 class Meta:
 model = Meizis
 # 和"__all__"等价
 fields = ('mid', 'title', 'picname', 'page_url', 'img_url')

meizis = Meizis.objects.all()
serializer = MeiziSerializer(meizis, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)

@api_view(['GET', 'POST'])
def getlist(request, format=None):
 if request.method == 'GET':
 meizis = Meizis.objects.all()
 serializer = MeiziSerializer(meizis, many=True)
 return Response(serializer.data)
 
 elif request.method == 'POST':
 serializer = MeiziSerializer(data=request.data)
 if serializer.is_valid():
 serializer.save()
 return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
 return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

class StandardResultSetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
 # 默认每页显示的条数
 default_limit = 20
 # url 中传入的显示数据条数的参数
 limit_query_param = 'limit'
 # url中传入的数据位置的参数
 offset_query_param = 'offset'
 # 最大每页显示条数
 max_limit = None

class ListSerialize(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
 model = Meizis
 fields = ('mid', 'title')
 
 
class ListPicSerialize(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
 model = Meizis
 fields = "__all__"

@api_view(['GET'])
def getlist(request, format=None):
 if request.method == 'GET':
 meizis = Meizis.objects.values('mid','title').distinct()
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