python对列进行平移变换的方法(shift)

#创建样例数据
temp = pd.DataFrame({'id':[1,1,1,2,2,3],'value':[1,2,3,4,5,6]});temp

Out[1]:
  id value
0  1   1
1  1   2
2  1   3
3  2   4
4  2   5
5  3   6

temp['value_shift'] = temp.groupby('id')['value'].shift(1);temp
Out[180]: 
  id value value_shift
0  1   1     NaN
1  1   2     1.0
2  1   3     2.0
3  2   4     NaN
4  2   5     4.0
5  3   6     NaN

temp['value_shift_1'] = temp.groupby('id')['value'].shift(-1);temp
Out[181]: 
  id value value_shift value_shift_1
0  1   1     NaN      2.0
1  1   2     1.0      3.0
2  1   3     2.0      NaN
3  2   4     NaN      5.0
4  2   5     4.0      NaN
5  3   6     NaN      NaN