Python列表对象实现原理详解

typedef struct {
# 列表对象引用计数
int ob_refcnt; 
# 列表类型对象 
struct _typeobject *ob_type;
# 列表元素的长度
int ob_size; /* Number of items in variable part */
# 真正存放列表元素容器的指针，list[0] 就是 ob_item[0]
PyObject **ob_item;
# 当前列表可容纳的元素大小
Py_ssize_t allocated;
} PyListObject;

// 列表缓冲池, PyList_MAXFREELIST为80
static PyListObject *free_list[PyList_MAXFREELIST];
//缓冲池当前大小
static int numfree = 0;
PyObject *PyList_New(Py_ssize_t size)
{
PyListObject *op; //列表对象
size_t nbytes; //创建列表对象需要分配的内存大小
if (size < 0) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return NULL;
}
/* Check for overflow without an actual overflow,
* which can cause compiler to optimise out */
if ((size_t)size > PY_SIZE_MAX / sizeof(PyObject *))
return PyErr_NoMemory();
nbytes = size * sizeof(PyObject *);
if (numfree) {
numfree--;
op = free_list[numfree];
_Py_NewReference((PyObject *)op);
} else {
op = PyObject_GC_New(PyListObject, &PyList_Type);
if (op == NULL)
return NULL;
}
if (size <= 0)
op->ob_item = NULL;
else {
op->ob_item = (PyObject **) PyMem_MALLOC(nbytes);
if (op->ob_item == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(op);
return PyErr_NoMemory();
}
memset(op->ob_item, 0, nbytes);
}
# 设置ob_size
Py_SIZE(op) = size;
op->allocated = size;
_PyObject_GC_TRACK(op);
return (PyObject *) op;
}

static void
list_dealloc(PyListObject *op)
{
Py_ssize_t i;
PyObject_GC_UnTrack(op);
Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(op)
if (
i = Py_SIZE(op);
while (--i >= 0) {
Py_XDECREF(op->ob_item[i]);
}
PyMem_FREE(op->ob_item);
}
if (numfree < PyList_MAXFREELIST && PyList_CheckExact(op))
free_list[numfree++] = op;
else
Py_TYPE(op)->tp_free((PyObject *)op);
Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(op)
}

static int
ins1(PyListObject *self, Py_ssize_t where, PyObject *v)
{
// n是列表元素长度
Py_ssize_t i, n = Py_SIZE(self);
PyObject **items;
if (v == NULL) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return -1;
}
if (n == PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
"cannot add more objects to list");
return -1;
}
if (list_resize(self, n+1) == -1)
return -1;
if (where < 0) {
where += n;
if (where < 0)
where = 0;
}
if (where > n)
where = n;
items = self->ob_item;
for (i = n; --i >= where; )
items[i+1] = items[i];
Py_INCREF(v);
items[where] = v;
return 0;
}

// newsize： 列表新的长度
static int 
list_resize(PyListObject *self, Py_ssize_t newsize)
{
PyObject **items;
size_t new_allocated;
Py_ssize_t allocated = self->allocated;
if (allocated >= newsize && newsize >= (allocated  1)) {
assert(self->ob_item != NULL || newsize == 0);
Py_SIZE(self) = newsize;
return 0;
}
new_allocated = (newsize  3) + (newsize < 9 "text-align: center">

总结



  
PyListObject缓冲池的创建发生在列表销毁的时候。
  
PyListObject对象的创建分两步：先创建PyListObject对象，然后初始化元素列表为NULL。
  
PyListObject对象的销毁分两步：先销毁PyListObject对象中的元素列表，然后销毁PyListObject本身。
  
PyListObject对象内存的占用空间会根据列表长度的变化而调整。

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