浅谈matplotlib中FigureCanvasXAgg的用法

#matplotlib.figure.Figure.show( )
def show(self, warn=True):
 """
 If using a GUI backend with pyplot, display the figure window.

 If the figure was not created using
 :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.figure`, it will lack a
 :class:`~matplotlib.backend_bases.FigureManagerBase`, and
 will raise an AttributeError.

 Parameters
 ----------
 warm : bool
  If ``True``, issue warning when called on a non-GUI backend

 Notes
 -----
 For non-GUI backends, this does nothing, in which case a warning will
 be issued if *warn* is ``True`` (default).
 """
 try:
  manager = getattr(self.canvas, 'manager')
 except AttributeError as err:
  raise AttributeError("%s\n"
        "Figure.show works only "
        "for figures managed by pyplot, normally "
        "created by pyplot.figure()." % err)

 if manager is not None:
  try:
   manager.show()
   return
  except NonGuiException:
   pass

#plt.show（）
from matplotlib.backends import pylab_setup
_show = pylab_setup()
def show(*args, **kw):

 global _show
 return _show(*args, **kw)

show(block=None) method of builtins.type instance
 Show all figures.
 
 `show` blocks by calling `mainloop` if *block* is ``True``, or if it
 is ``None`` and we are neither in IPython's ``%pylab`` mode, nor in
 `interactive` mode.

show = cbook.deprecated("2.2", name="FigureCanvasTk.show",
       alternative="FigureCanvasTk.draw")(
        lambda self: self.draw())

def pylab_setup(name=None):
 '''return new_figure_manager, draw_if_interactive and show for pyplot

 This provides the backend-specific functions that are used by
 pyplot to abstract away the difference between interactive backends.

 Parameters
 ----------
 name : str, optional
  The name of the backend to use. If `None`, falls back to
  ``matplotlib.get_backend()`` (which return :rc:`backend`).

 '''
 # Import the requested backend into a generic module object
 if name is None:
  # validates, to match all_backends
  name = matplotlib.get_backend()
 if name.startswith('module://'):
  backend_name = name[9:]
 else:
  backend_name = 'backend_' + name
  backend_name = backend_name.lower() # until we banish mixed case
  backend_name = 'matplotlib.backends.%s' % backend_name.lower()

 # the last argument is specifies whether to use absolute or relative
 # imports. 0 means only perform absolute imports.
 #得到模块的绝对路径backend_mod，然后通过绝对路径加.就可以调用各个抽象类
 #<module 'matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg' from 'D:\\Python36\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\backends\\backend_tkagg.py'>默认实验的！
 backend_mod = __import__(backend_name, globals(), locals(),
        [backend_name], 0)

 # Things we pull in from all backends
 new_figure_manager = backend_mod.new_figure_manager

 # image backends like pdf, agg or svg do not need to do anything
 # for "show" or "draw_if_interactive", so if they are not defined
 # by the backend, just do nothing
 def do_nothing_show(*args, **kwargs):
  frame = inspect.currentframe()
  fname = frame.f_back.f_code.co_filename
  if fname in ('<stdin>', '<ipython console>'):
   warnings.warn("""
Your currently selected backend, '%s' does not support show().
Please select a GUI backend in your matplotlibrc file ('%s')
or with matplotlib.use()""" %
       (name, matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()))

 def do_nothing(*args, **kwargs):
  pass

 backend_version = getattr(backend_mod, 'backend_version', 'unknown')

 show = getattr(backend_mod, 'show', do_nothing_show)

 draw_if_interactive = getattr(backend_mod, 'draw_if_interactive',
         do_nothing)

 _log.debug('backend %s version %s', name, backend_version)

 # need to keep a global reference to the backend for compatibility
 # reasons. See https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/issues/6092
 global backend
 backend = name
 return backend_mod, new_figure_manager, draw_if_interactive, show

def figure():

 figManager = _pylab_helpers.Gcf.get_fig_manager(num)

 figManager = new_figure_manager(num,figsize=figsize,dpi=dpi,facecolor=facecolor,edgecolor=edgecolor,frameon=frameon,FigureClass=FigureClass,**kwargs)
 ......
 ......
 return figManager.canvas.figure

 def __init__(self,
     figsize=None, # defaults to rc figure.figsize
     dpi=None, # defaults to rc figure.dpi
     facecolor=None, # defaults to rc figure.facecolor
     edgecolor=None, # defaults to rc figure.edgecolor
     linewidth=0.0, # the default linewidth of the frame
     frameon=None, # whether or not to draw the figure frame
     subplotpars=None, # default to rc
     tight_layout=None, # default to rc figure.autolayout
     constrained_layout=None, # default to rc
           #figure.constrained_layout.use
     ):
  """
  Parameters
  ----------
  figsize : 2-tuple of floats
   ``(width, height)`` tuple in inches

  dpi : float
   Dots per inch

  facecolor
   The figure patch facecolor; defaults to rc ``figure.facecolor``

  edgecolor
   The figure patch edge color; defaults to rc ``figure.edgecolor``

  linewidth : float
   The figure patch edge linewidth; the default linewidth of the frame

  frameon : bool
   If ``False``, suppress drawing the figure frame

  subplotpars : :class:`SubplotParams`
   Subplot parameters, defaults to rc

  tight_layout : bool
   If ``False`` use *subplotpars*; if ``True`` adjust subplot
   parameters using `.tight_layout` with default padding.
   When providing a dict containing the keys
   ``pad``, ``w_pad``, ``h_pad``, and ``rect``, the default
   `.tight_layout` paddings will be overridden.
   Defaults to rc ``figure.autolayout``.

  constrained_layout : bool
   If ``True`` use constrained layout to adjust positioning of plot
   elements. Like ``tight_layout``, but designed to be more
   flexible. See
   :doc:`/tutorials/intermediate/constrainedlayout_guide`
   for examples. (Note: does not work with :meth:`.subplot` or
   :meth:`.subplot2grid`.)
   Defaults to rc ``figure.constrained_layout.use``.
  """
  Artist.__init__(self)
  # remove the non-figure artist _axes property
  # as it makes no sense for a figure to be _in_ an axes
  # this is used by the property methods in the artist base class
  # which are over-ridden in this class
  del self._axes
  self.callbacks = cbook.CallbackRegistry()

  if figsize is None:
   figsize = rcParams['figure.figsize']
  if dpi is None:
   dpi = rcParams['figure.dpi']
  if facecolor is None:
   facecolor = rcParams['figure.facecolor']
  if edgecolor is None:
   edgecolor = rcParams['figure.edgecolor']
  if frameon is None:
   frameon = rcParams['figure.frameon']

  if not np.isfinite(figsize).all():
   raise ValueError('figure size must be finite not '
        '{}'.format(figsize))
  self.bbox_inches = Bbox.from_bounds(0, 0, *figsize)

  self.dpi_scale_trans = Affine2D().scale(dpi, dpi)
  # do not use property as it will trigger
  self._dpi = dpi
  self.bbox = TransformedBbox(self.bbox_inches, self.dpi_scale_trans)

  self.frameon = frameon

  self.transFigure = BboxTransformTo(self.bbox)

  self.patch = Rectangle(
   xy=(0, 0), width=1, height=1,
   facecolor=facecolor, edgecolor=edgecolor, linewidth=linewidth)
  self._set_artist_props(self.patch)
  self.patch.set_aa(False)

  self._hold = rcParams['axes.hold']
  if self._hold is None:
   self._hold = True

  self.canvas = None
  self._suptitle = None

  if subplotpars is None:
   subplotpars = SubplotParams()

  self.subplotpars = subplotpars
  # constrained_layout:
  self._layoutbox = None
  # set in set_constrained_layout_pads()
  self.set_constrained_layout(constrained_layout)

  self.set_tight_layout(tight_layout)

  self._axstack = AxesStack() # track all figure axes and current axes
  self.clf()
  self._cachedRenderer = None

  # groupers to keep track of x and y labels we want to align.
  # see self.align_xlabels and self.align_ylabels and
  # axis._get_tick_boxes_siblings
  self._align_xlabel_grp = cbook.Grouper()
  self._align_ylabel_grp = cbook.Grouper()

#import modules from Matplotlib
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import NavigationToolbar2QTAgg as NavigationToolbar
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#import random module to generate set
import random

class Window(QtGui.QDialog):
	def __init__(self, parent=None):
		super(Window, self).__init__(parent)
		#init figure and canvas
		self.figure = plt.figure()
		self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
		#init nav toolbar
		self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
		# Add plot button
		self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('Plot')
		# connect button to custom slot (see later)
		self.button.clicked.connect(self.plot)
		# set the layout
		layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
		layout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
		layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
		layout.addWidget(self.button)
		self.setLayout(layout)
	### our custom slot
	def plot(self):
		# random data
		data = [random.random() for i in range(25)]
		# create an axis
		ax = self.figure.add_subplot(1,1,1)
		# discards the old graph
		ax.hold(False)
		# plot data
		ax.plot(data, '*­')
		# refresh canvas
		self.canvas.draw()