python openpyxl模块的使用详解

pip install openpyxl

from openpyxl import Workbook 
# 实例化
wb = Workbook()
# 激活 worksheet
ws = wb.active

> from openpyxl import load_workbook
> wb2 = load_workbook('文件名称.xlsx')

# 方式一：数据可以直接分配到单元格中(可以输入公式)
ws['A1'] = 42
# 方式二：可以附加行，从第一列开始附加(从最下方空白处，最左开始)(可以输入多行)
ws.append([1, 2, 3])
# 方式三：Python 类型会被自动转换
ws['A3'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

# 方式一：插入到最后(default)
> ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") 
# 方式二：插入到最开始的位置
> ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0)

# sheet 名称可以作为 key 进行索引
> ws3 = wb["New Title"]
> ws4 = wb.get_sheet_by_name("New Title")
> ws is ws3 is ws4
True

# 显示所有表名
> print(wb.sheetnames)
['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']
# 遍历所有表
> for sheet in wb:
...  print(sheet.title)

# 方法一
> c = ws['A4']
# 方法二：row 行；column 列
> d = ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)
# 方法三：只要访问就创建
> for i in range(1,101):
...   for j in range(1,101):
...   ws.cell(row=i, column=j)

# 通过切片
> cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']
# 通过行(列)
> colC = ws['C']
> col_range = ws['C:D']
> row10 = ws[10]
> row_range = ws[5:10]
# 通过指定范围(行 → 行)
> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in row:
...  print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>　
# 通过指定范围(列 → 列)
> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in row:
...  print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>
# 遍历所有 方法一
> ws = wb.active
> ws['C9'] = 'hello world'
> tuple(ws.rows)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>),
(<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>),
...
(<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>),
(<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
# 遍历所有 方法二
> tuple(ws.columns)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>,
<Cell Sheet.A2>,
<Cell Sheet.A3>,
...
<Cell Sheet.B7>,
<Cell Sheet.B8>,
<Cell Sheet.B9>),
(<Cell Sheet.C1>,
...
<Cell Sheet.C8>,
<Cell Sheet.C9>))

> wb.save('文件名称.xlsx')

ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"

# 获得最大列和最大行
print(sheet.max_row)
print(sheet.max_column)

# 因为按行，所以返回A1, B1, C1这样的顺序
for row in sheet.rows:
 for cell in row:
  print(cell.value)

# A1, A2, A3这样的顺序
for column in sheet.columns:
 for cell in column:
  print(cell.value)

from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter, column_index_from_string

# 根据列的数字返回字母
print(get_column_letter(2)) # B
# 根据字母返回列的数字
print(column_index_from_string('D')) # 4

# 方式一
wb.remove(sheet)
# 方式二
del wb[sheet]

rows = [
 ['Number', 'data1', 'data2'],
 [2, 40, 30],
 [3, 40, 25],
 [4, 50, 30],
 [5, 30, 10],
 [6, 25, 5],
 [7, 50, 10]]

list(zip(*rows))

# out
[('Number', 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7),
 ('data1', 40, 40, 50, 30, 25, 50),
 ('data2', 30, 25, 30, 10, 5, 10)]

# 注意 方法会舍弃缺少数据的列(行)
rows = [
 ['Number', 'data1', 'data2'],
 [2, 40  ], # 这里少一个数据
 [3, 40, 25],
 [4, 50, 30],
 [5, 30, 10],
 [6, 25, 5],
 [7, 50, 10],
]
# out
[('Number', 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), ('data1', 40, 40, 50, 30, 25, 50)]

from openpyxl.styles import Font, colors, Alignment

bold_itatic_24_font = Font(name='等线', size=24, italic=True, color=colors.RED, bold=True)

sheet['A1'].font = bold_itatic_24_font

# 设置B1中的数据垂直居中和水平居中
sheet['B1'].alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')

# 第2行行高
sheet.row_dimensions[2].height = 40
# C列列宽
sheet.column_dimensions['C'].width = 30

# 合并单元格， 往左上角写入数据即可
sheet.merge_cells('B1:G1') # 合并一行中的几个单元格
sheet.merge_cells('A1:C3') # 合并一个矩形区域中的单元格

sheet.unmerge_cells('A1:C3')

import datetime
from random import choice
from time import time
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter

# 设置文件 mingc
addr = "openpyxl.xlsx"
# 打开文件
wb = load_workbook(addr)
# 创建一张新表
ws = wb.create_sheet()
# 第一行输入
ws.append(['TIME', 'TITLE', 'A-Z'])

# 输入内容（500行数据）
for i in range(500):
 TIME = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")
 TITLE = str(time())
 A_Z = get_column_letter(choice(range(1, 50)))
 ws.append([TIME, TITLE, A_Z])

# 获取最大行
row_max = ws.max_row
# 获取最大列
con_max = ws.max_column
# 把上面写入内容打印在控制台
for j in ws.rows: # we.rows 获取每一行数据
 for n in j:
  print(n.value, end="\t") # n.value 获取单元格的值
 print()
# 保存，save（必须要写文件名（绝对地址）默认 py 同级目录下，只支持 xlsx 格式）
wb.save(addr)