PyQt5实现五子棋游戏（人机对弈）

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 定义棋子类型，输赢情况
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
EMPTY = 0
BLACK = 1
WHITE = 2


# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 定义棋盘类，绘制棋盘的形状，切换先后手，判断输赢等
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
class ChessBoard(object):
 def __init__(self):
 self.__board = [[EMPTY for n in range(15)] for m in range(15)]
 self.__dir = [[(-1, 0), (1, 0)], [(0, -1), (0, 1)], [(-1, 1), (1, -1)], [(-1, -1), (1, 1)]]
 #  (左 右) (上 下) (左下 右上) (左上 右下)

 def board(self): # 返回数组对象
 return self.__board

 def draw_xy(self, x, y, state): # 获取落子点坐标的状态
 self.__board[x][y] = state

 def get_xy_on_logic_state(self, x, y): # 获取指定点坐标的状态
 return self.__board[x][y]

 def get_next_xy(self, point, direction): # 获取指定点的指定方向的坐标
 x = point[0] + direction[0]
 y = point[1] + direction[1]
 if x < 0 or x >= 15 or y < 0 or y >= 15:
  return False
 else:
  return x, y

 def get_xy_on_direction_state(self, point, direction): # 获取指定点的指定方向的状态
 if point is not False:
  xy = self.get_next_xy(point, direction)
  if xy is not False:
  x, y = xy
  return self.__board[x][y]
 return False

 def anyone_win(self, x, y):
 state = self.get_xy_on_logic_state(x, y) # 当前落下的棋是黑棋还是白棋，它的状态存储在state中
 for directions in self.__dir: # 对米字的4个方向分别检测是否有5子相连的棋
  count = 1 # 初始记录为1，因为刚落下的棋也算
  for direction in directions: # 对落下的棋子的同一条线的两侧都要检测，结果累积
  point = (x, y) # 每次循环前都要刷新
  while True:
   if self.get_xy_on_direction_state(point, direction) == state:
   count += 1
   point = self.get_next_xy(point, direction)
   else:
   break
  if count >= 5:
  return state
 return EMPTY

 def reset(self): # 重置
 self.__board = [[EMPTY for n in range(15)] for m in range(15)]

from chessboard import ChessBoard
from ai import searcher

WIDTH = 540
HEIGHT = 540
MARGIN = 22
GRID = (WIDTH - 2 * MARGIN) / (15 - 1)
PIECE = 34
EMPTY = 0
BLACK = 1
WHITE = 2


import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QLabel, QMessageBox
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap, QIcon, QPalette, QPainter
from PyQt5.QtMultimedia import QSound


# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 定义线程类执行AI的算法
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
class AI(QtCore.QThread):
 finishSignal = QtCore.pyqtSignal(int, int)

 # 构造函数里增加形参
 def __init__(self, board, parent=None):
 super(AI, self).__init__(parent)
 self.board = board

 # 重写 run() 函数
 def run(self):
 self.ai = searcher()
 self.ai.board = self.board
 score, x, y = self.ai.search(2, 2)
 self.finishSignal.emit(x, y)


# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# 重新定义Label类
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
class LaBel(QLabel):
 def __init__(self, parent):
 super().__init__(parent)
 self.setMouseTracking(True)

 def enterEvent(self, e):
 e.ignore()


class GoBang(QWidget):
 def __init__(self):
 super().__init__()
 self.initUI()

 def initUI(self):

 self.chessboard = ChessBoard() # 棋盘类

 palette1 = QPalette() # 设置棋盘背景
 palette1.setBrush(self.backgroundRole(), QtGui.QBrush(QtGui.QPixmap('img/chessboard.jpg')))
 self.setPalette(palette1)
 # self.setStyleSheet("board-image:url(img/chessboard.jpg)") # 不知道这为什么不行
 self.setCursor(Qt.PointingHandCursor) # 鼠标变成手指形状
 self.sound_piece = QSound("sound/luozi.wav") # 加载落子音效
 self.sound_win = QSound("sound/win.wav") # 加载胜利音效
 self.sound_defeated = QSound("sound/defeated.wav") # 加载失败音效

 self.resize(WIDTH, HEIGHT) # 固定大小 540*540
 self.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(WIDTH, HEIGHT))
 self.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(WIDTH, HEIGHT))

 self.setWindowTitle("GoBang") # 窗口名称
 self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('img/black.png')) # 窗口图标

 # self.lb1 = QLabel('  ', self)
 # self.lb1.move(20, 10)

 self.black = QPixmap('img/black.png')
 self.white = QPixmap('img/white.png')

 self.piece_now = BLACK # 黑棋先行
 self.my_turn = True # 玩家先行
 self.step = 0 # 步数
 self.x, self.y = 1000, 1000

 self.mouse_point = LaBel(self) # 将鼠标图片改为棋子
 self.mouse_point.setScaledContents(True)
 self.mouse_point.setPixmap(self.black) #加载黑棋
 self.mouse_point.setGeometry(270, 270, PIECE, PIECE)
 self.pieces = [LaBel(self) for i in range(225)] # 新建棋子标签，准备在棋盘上绘制棋子
 for piece in self.pieces:
  piece.setVisible(True) # 图片可视
  piece.setScaledContents(True) #图片大小根据标签大小可变

 self.mouse_point.raise_() # 鼠标始终在最上层
 self.ai_down = True # AI已下棋，主要是为了加锁，当值是False的时候说明AI正在思考，这时候玩家鼠标点击失效，要忽略掉 mousePressEvent

 self.setMouseTracking(True)
 self.show()

 def paintEvent(self, event): # 画出指示箭头
 qp = QPainter()
 qp.begin(self)
 self.drawLines(qp)
 qp.end()

 def mouseMoveEvent(self, e): # 黑色棋子随鼠标移动
 # self.lb1.setText(str(e.x()) + ' ' + str(e.y()))
 self.mouse_point.move(e.x() - 16, e.y() - 16)

 def mousePressEvent(self, e): # 玩家下棋
 if e.button() == Qt.LeftButton and self.ai_down == True:
  x, y = e.x(), e.y() # 鼠标坐标
  i, j = self.coordinate_transform_pixel2map(x, y) # 对应棋盘坐标
  if not i is None and not j is None: # 棋子落在棋盘上，排除边缘
  if self.chessboard.get_xy_on_logic_state(i, j) == EMPTY: # 棋子落在空白处
   self.draw(i, j)
   self.ai_down = False
   board = self.chessboard.board()
   self.AI = AI(board) # 新建线程对象，传入棋盘参数
   self.AI.finishSignal.connect(self.AI_draw) # 结束线程，传出参数
   self.AI.start() # run

 def AI_draw(self, i, j):
 if self.step != 0:
  self.draw(i, j) # AI
  self.x, self.y = self.coordinate_transform_map2pixel(i, j)
 self.ai_down = True
 self.update()

 def draw(self, i, j):
 x, y = self.coordinate_transform_map2pixel(i, j)

 if self.piece_now == BLACK:
  self.pieces[self.step].setPixmap(self.black) # 放置黑色棋子
  self.piece_now = WHITE
  self.chessboard.draw_xy(i, j, BLACK)
 else:
  self.pieces[self.step].setPixmap(self.white) # 放置白色棋子
  self.piece_now = BLACK
  self.chessboard.draw_xy(i, j, WHITE)

 self.pieces[self.step].setGeometry(x, y, PIECE, PIECE) # 画出棋子
 self.sound_piece.play() # 落子音效
 self.step += 1 # 步数+1

 winner = self.chessboard.anyone_win(i, j) # 判断输赢
 if winner != EMPTY:
  self.mouse_point.clear()
  self.gameover(winner)

 def drawLines(self, qp): # 指示AI当前下的棋子
 if self.step != 0:
  pen = QtGui.QPen(QtCore.Qt.black, 2, QtCore.Qt.SolidLine)
  qp.setPen(pen)
  qp.drawLine(self.x - 5, self.y - 5, self.x + 3, self.y + 3)
  qp.drawLine(self.x + 3, self.y, self.x + 3, self.y + 3)
  qp.drawLine(self.x, self.y + 3, self.x + 3, self.y + 3)

 def coordinate_transform_map2pixel(self, i, j):
 # 从 chessMap 里的逻辑坐标到 UI 上的绘制坐标的转换
 return MARGIN + j * GRID - PIECE / 2, MARGIN + i * GRID - PIECE / 2

 def coordinate_transform_pixel2map(self, x, y):
 # 从 UI 上的绘制坐标到 chessMap 里的逻辑坐标的转换
 i, j = int(round((y - MARGIN) / GRID)), int(round((x - MARGIN) / GRID))
 # 有MAGIN, 排除边缘位置导致 i,j 越界
 if i < 0 or i >= 15 or j < 0 or j >= 15:
  return None, None
 else:
  return i, j

 def gameover(self, winner):
 if winner == BLACK:
  self.sound_win.play()
  reply = QMessageBox.question(self, 'You Win!', 'Continue"htmlcode">

class AI(QtCore.QThread):
 finishSignal = QtCore.pyqtSignal(int, int)

 # 构造函数里增加形参
 def __init__(self, board, parent=None):
 super(AI, self).__init__(parent)
 self.board = board

 # 重写 run() 函数
 def run(self):
 self.ai = searcher()
 self.ai.board = self.board
 score, x, y = self.ai.search(2, 2)
 self.finishSignal.emit(x, y)


这里加了一个线程执行AI的计算，前面有个 from ai import searcher ，ai还没有写，先从网上找了一个博弈的算法。searcher（）就是AI类。该线程传入参数是 board 就是棋盘状态。调用self.ai.search(2, 2)，第一个2是博弈树的深度，值越大AI越聪明，但是计算时间也越长。第二个2是说电脑执白棋，如果为1则是黑棋。线程结束后传入参数 x, y 就是AI计算后线程传出的参数。


class LaBel(QLabel):
 def __init__(self, parent):
 super().__init__(parent)
 self.setMouseTracking(True)

 def enterEvent(self, e):
 e.ignore()


重新定义Label类是为了让黑棋图片随着鼠标的移动而移动。如果直接用QLabel的话不能达到预期的效果，具体为什么自己去摸索吧。
最后是所有的脚本代码，在这之后还会继续学习，将脚本打包成可执行文件，并且加入神经网络的算法。
基于PyQt5的五子棋编程（人机对弈）
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。